Depuis le début des années 2000, les essais randomisés contrôlés ont connu un fulgurant retour sur le devant de la scène académique dans le domaine de l’économie du développement et plus généralement dans celui de l’évaluation des politiques publiques. Alors que ses partisans revendiquent une filiation avec les essais cliniques randomisés en médecine, ces derniers demeurent mal connus par les économistes. Cet article vise à combler ce manque en proposant une comparaison de l’usage et des limites des essais contrôlés randomisés (...) entre la médecine et l’économie. Nous montrons ainsi que si cette méthode est bien souvent placée au sommet de la hiérarchie des preuves en médecine, des voix critiques existent et méritent d’être prises en compte pour penser son application en économie. Nous soulignons également que le traitement du problème de la généralisation des résultats, très bien documenté en médecine, permet de nuancer l’intérêt de la méthode en économie. (shrink)

Este artigo procura investigar um encontro bastante curioso de tradições. Neste caso em particular, sobre como uma paráfrase da obra de Plotino, de autoria atribuída a Aristóteles, poderia ter influenciado na elaboração de um esquema argumentativo que, aparentemente, visava utilizar a Herança grega recebida pelos árabes no século VI, em questões inerentes ao contexto de disputa intelectual do Islã nascente. Mais especificamente, nosso trabalho se aprofunda em algumas relações que se pode levantar entre a obra Teologia de Aristóteles, uma paráfrase (...) das Enéadas de Plotino que circulou entre os árabes do período, e a Filosofia Primeira de Al-Kindi, famosa obra inacabada, cuja primeira parte (texto que nos chegou), se destina a apontar como a investigação dos fundamentos da natureza leva a compreensão do que ele chama de "Um Verdadeiro", o princípio que sustenta todo o Universo como seu fundamento criador. Embora inacabada, a primeira parte desta obra de Al-Kindi já indica sua inclinação em utilizar elementos da Teologia de Aristóteles no sentido de elaborar o que podemos chamar de uma prova da existência de Deus. Palavras-chave: Teologia, Unidade, Multiplicidade, Falsafa, Filosofia primeira. (shrink)

Last year marked the fiftieth anniversary of the inauguration of Brazil’s capital Brasilia. Designed by architects Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, it has since become one of the most famous and widely studied urban planning projects. Niemeyer’s cathedral, Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida; his building for the national parliament, the Congresso Nacional; and the city’s 707-foot television tower have become icons of twentieth-century architecture. The entire city, marked by its cross-shaped layout and vast open spaces, was named a UNESO World (...) Heritage site in 1987. René Burri, an internationally celebrated Swiss-born photographer and member of the legendary Magnum agency, visited the city for the first time on a long journey around South America in 1958, when most of Brasilia was a vast building site. He returned many times over more than thirty years, documenting the growth and development of this urban utopia. Besides documenting the buildings in various stages of completion, Burri took portraits of Niemeyer and his workers and photographed Brasilia’s street scenes and people: workers with their tools, machinery and building materials, pedestrians on the newly finished streets and squares, and aerial views from the air of the city’s first slums abutting brand-new blocks of residential buildings. His images capture the strong sense of a new era and a vibrant atmosphere of hard work and strain; they reflect the huge dimensions of the landscape and the great scale of this project and its ambition to design and build a new capital—and fill it with life. Complete with an essay by eminent architect and scholar of architectural history Arthur Rüegg, René Burri. Brasilia marks the city’s fiftieth anniversary and allows readers to look at an extraordinary city through the eyes of an exceptional photographer. (shrink)

There seem to me, however, to be serious flaws in Goodman's intricate chain of argument, which I wish to examine in some detail.

We prove two theorems which in a certain sense show that the number of normal measures a measurable cardinal κ can carry is independent of a given fixed behavior of the continuum function on any set having measure 1 with respect to every normal measure over κ . First, starting with a model V ⊨ “ZFC + GCH + o = δ*” for δ* ≤ κ+ any finite or infinite cardinal, we force and construct an inner model N ⊆ V (...) [G] so thatN ⊨ “ZF + [DCδ] + ¬ACκ + κ carries exactly δ* normal measures + 2δ = δ++ on a set having measure 1 with respect to every normal measure over κ”.There is nothing special about 2δ = δ here, and other stated values for the continuum function will be possible as well. Then, starting with a modelV ⊨ “ZFC + GCH + κis supercompact”,we force and construct models of AC in which, roughly speaking, regardless of the specified behavior of the continuum function below κ on any set having measure 1 with respect to every normal measure over κ, κ can in essence carry any number of normal measures δ* ≥ κ++. (shrink)

Procuro explorar uma possível base biológica que tenha relevância explicativa entre elementos da ética e o comportamento humano.

La campagne 2012 – qui a vu pratiquement l’achèvement des travaux de sélection et le catalogage des terres cuites figurées, des monnaies et des autres objets recueillis en 1970‑1971 dans le sanctuaire de la colline de Dautë – était la dernière réunissant toute l’équipe au musée de Durrës. Les 11e et 12e campagnes d’étude étaient donc d’importance bien réduite par rapport aux années précédentes : seuls les céramologues, lesquels n’ont commencé leurs travaux qu’en 2006 sur un mobilier surabonda...

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