Le lettere che compongono il carteggio intercorso fra Benedetto Croce e Giosue Carducci sfuggono, per l'una e l'altra parte, alle classificazioni dell'epistolografia e vari sono i motivi: la limitata consistenza delle lettere, in tutto ventiquattro, inclusive di carte da visita e telegramma, che si susseguono, talvolta a lunghi intervalli e in numero decrescente, nell'arco di tempo 1887-1906; la distanza anagrafica che si dà tra i due interlocutori: l'uno, il 'poeta vate' che alla data dell'incontro, pur ancora in piena attività, (...) inizia o ha già iniziato la sua parabola di lento declino; l'altro, il brillante dotto erudito e futuro filosofo, ma già orientato a studiare la scienza estetica attraverso il filosofare sulla storia, che, nel pieno delle forze intellettuali, percorre la propria con agilità. Non frammenti di vita privata, non sfumature psicologiche, non ideologie politiche, non teorie filosofiche emergono da questo carteggio bensì, salvo rari gesti di cortesia, esigenze di ordine intellettuale, di ricerca e di studio. L'impressione che se ne ricava è comunque quella di entrare nell''officina' dei due 'grandi operai' della cultura. E, sotto questo aspetto, il carteggio acquista interesse, innanzi tutto per la statura dei personaggi, due titani del sapere, e, in secondo luogo, proprio in ragione di quei tempi 'vuoti' o 'morti' che interrompono il flusso temporale dello scambio di lettere, ma che si rivelano 'pieni' ove si ricorra alla saggistica di entrambe le parti, che ha attinenza con gli argomenti trattati e che instaura un 'dialogo' tra lettere e opere. Un dialogo che trova anche consistenza e validità attraverso il manufatto, il 'libro', ovvero le edizioni a stampa delle proprie opere delle quali i due interlocutori avrebbero fatto dono l'un l'altro. (shrink)

Originally published in English in 1950 this is one of the most revealing works by one of Italy's foremost philosophers of the 20th century, who was also a courageous and effective opponent of Fascism. Following the Allied landing at Salerno, Croce was called upon by kings, princes, generals and politicians and asked to decide question of vital importance to Italy. This book records the notes Croce made on political matters in 1943 and 1944 and includes some of the (...) many documents Croce possessed which referred to the attempt in Naples to form a Corps of Italian volunteers. (shrink)

Reciprocal sentences display a variety of interpretations, ranging from ‘strong reciprocity’ to ‘inclusive alternative orderings’. In this interpretation, every element in the reference set participates with some other member in the relation provided by the predicate either as the first or second argument. Current reciprocal theories cannot fully explain why some sentences that satisfy these truth conditions are in fact false and unacceptable, such as ‘#the boys are taller than each other’ or ‘#my mother and I procreated each other.’ The (...) core insight of the paper is that reciprocal sentences are true if they describe a relation that is either actually or possibly strong reciprocal over the reference set, insofar as the possibilities are reasonable. A branching time framework is used, in which a notion of reasonability is defined. We focus on permanent relations, for which we provide a new definition in modal terms. We show that whenever the relation is asymmetric and permanent, each other-sentences are unacceptable. We consider cases in which the relation is asymmetric and non-permanent and the each other-sentences are also unacceptable. We introduce a new modal notion of decidedness, and prove that for asymmetric relations, permanency entails decidedness. Showing how (a)symmetry, (non-)decidedness and (non-)permanency interact and proving that the truth of each other-sentences requires the relation to be either non-asymmetric or non-decided, we ensure a large and previously unattained empirical coverage. (shrink)

Benedetto Croce was a historian, humanist, political figure, and the foremost Italian philosopher of the early twentieth-century. A Croce Reader brings together the author's most important works across the fields of aesthetics, philosophy, history, literary criticism, and the Baroque and presents the "other" Croce that has been erased by scholarly tradition, including by Croce himself. Massimo Verdicchio traces the progress of Croce as a thinker, focusing on his philosophy of absolute historicism and its aesthetic implications. (...) Unlike other anthologies, A Croce Reader includes essays from the Aesthetics of 1902 and key studies on Vico, Hegel, and Pirandello. Verdicchio's masterful translation of the source material welcomes specialists and non-specialists alike to discover the "other" Croce for themselves. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

Devido às principais transformações recentes na esfera social acontecidas a partir do final do século XX e início do século XXI, em muito motivadas pelo avanço desmedido da economia neoliberal, da racionalidade técnica e da ciência, as relações de trabalho foram impactadas significativamente. Sobretudo a partir da inclusão das tecnologias digitais, com sistemas de informação mais complexos, inteligência artificial e aplicativos das mais variadas ordens, vivencia-se uma verdadeira mudança estrutural na esfera pública atual, conforme Habermas. Com isso, o discurso do (...) empreendedorismo mostrou-se competente em obscurecer o senso crítico capaz de localizar a precarização do trabalho e dos direitos trabalhistas. Um caso claro disso se reflete no fenômeno dos motoristas por aplicativo e a pretensa ideia de autonomia que subjaz o imaginário desses trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo a razão estratégica implica um modo muito peculiar de reprodução social nas relações contemporâneas de trabalho, sobretudo no âmbito dos motoristas por aplicativo em nexo ao Projeto de Lei 12/2024. O Projeto foi apresentado pelo governo federal em abril de 2024 e garante a conquista de alguns direitos, porém ratifica o status de trabalho autônomo, negando o vínculo de emprego com as empresas proprietárias das plataformas. A discussão da matéria se dará sob a ótica da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, uma vez que a tendência brasileira revelada no anteprojeto de lei consolida uma opção de aprofundamento da razão estratégica, muito distante de uma postura democrática e consensual com os trabalhadores. (shrink)

Pulmonary rehabilitation has demonstrated patients’ physiological and psychosocial improvements, symptoms reduction and health-economic benefits whilst enhances the ability of the whole family to adjust to illness. However, PR remains highly inaccessible due to lack of awareness of its benefits, poor referral and availability mostly in hospitals. Novel models of PR delivery are needed to enhance its implementation while maintaining cost-efficiency. We aim to implement an innovative community-based PR programme and assess its cost-benefit. A 12-week community-based PR will be implemented in (...) primary healthcare centres where programmes are not available. Healthcare professionals will be trained. 73 patients with CRD and their caregivers will compose the experimental group. The control group will include dyads age- and disease-matched willing to collaborate in data collection but not in PR. Patients/family-centred outcomes will be dyspnoea, fatigue, cough and sputum, impact of the disease, emotional state, number of exacerbations, healthcare utilisation, health-related quality of life and family adaptability/cohesion. Other clinical outcomes will be peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, muscle thickness and cross sectional area, exercise capacity, balance and physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline, at 12 weeks, at 3- and 6-months post-PR. Changes in the outcome measures will be compared between groups, after multivariate adjustment for possible confounders, and effect sizes will be calculated. A cost-benefit analysis will be conducted. This study will enhance patients access to PR, by training healthcare professionals in the local primary healthcare centres to conduct such programmes and actively involving caregivers. The cost-benefit analysis of this intervention will provide an evidence-based insight into the economic benefit of community-based PR in chronic respiratory diseases. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials. gov U.S. National Library of Medicine, on 10th January, 2019. (shrink)

Introduction to genericity in the nominal, verbal and sentential domain.

TRANSLATED FROM THE ITALIAN OF BENEDETTO CROCE BY DOUGLAS AINSLIE B.A. (OXON.).

Italian is a well-known exception to the cross-linguistic generalization according to which `belief' predicates are indicative selectors across languages. We newly propose that languages that select the subjunctive with epistemic predicates allow us to see a systematic polysemy between what we call an expressive-`belief' (featuring only a doxastic dimension) and an inquisitive-`belief' (featuring both a doxastic and an epistemic dimension conveying doxastic certainty (in the assertion) and epistemic uncertainty (in the presupposition)). We offer several previously unseen contrasts proving this distinction (...) and offer a new analysis for mood choice cross-linguistically. We argue that the distinction between expressive and inquisitive attitudes is not an idiosyncrasy of non-factive epistemics. We provide novel data, showing that fictional predicates (dream, imagine) license the subjunctive. We explain the indicative/subjunctive alternation by again appealing to epistemic uncertainty and disentangling expressive from inquisitive-fictional meanings. We thus pave the way for a new typology of attitudes relying on this systematic polysemy and propose new criteria to explain mood distribution cross-linguistically. (shrink)

This paper focuses on extant approaches to counteract the consumption of fake news online. Proponents of structural approaches suggest that our proneness to consuming fake news could only be reduced by reshaping the architecture of online environments. Proponents of educational approaches suggest that fake news consumers should be empowered to improve their epistemic agency. In this paper, we address a question that is relevant to this debate: namely, whether fake news consumers commit mistakes for which they can be criticized and (...) that they could easily avoid by reforming their doxastic conduct. Proponents of structural approaches, like R. Rini and B. Millar, have defended in different ways a negative answer to this question. In this paper, we criticize their views and suggest that individual users could improve on their epistemic practice by widening their information diet. (shrink)

This paper tackles the problem of defining what a cognitive expert is. Starting from a shared intuition that the definition of an expert depends upon the conceptual function of expertise, I shed light on two main approaches to the notion of an expert: according to novice-oriented accounts of expertise, experts need to provide laypeople with information they lack in some domain; whereas, according to research-oriented accounts, experts need to contribute to the epistemic progress of their discipline. In this paper, I (...) defend the thesis that cognitive experts should be identified by their ability to perform the latter function rather than the former, as novice-oriented accounts, unlike research-oriented ones, fail to comply with the rules of a functionalist approach to expertise. (shrink)

This paper takes issue with the exemplarist strategy of fostering virtue development with the specific goal of improving its applicability in the context of education. I argue that, for what matters educationally, we have good reasons to endorse a liberal account of moral exemplarity. Specifically, I challenge two key assumptions of Linda Zagzebski’s Exemplarist Moral Theory (2017), namely that moral exemplars are exceptionally virtuous agents and that imitating their behavior is the main strategy for acquiring the virtues. I will introduce (...) and discuss the notions of enkratic exemplars and injustice illuminators and show that we have good reasons to consider them moral exemplars although they fail to satisfy (either of) the key assumptions. (shrink)

Se estudia la trayectoria vital y literaria de María Martínez Sierra como escritora, pensadora, empresaria, activista feminista, militante socialista y diputada. La autoría de las obras firmadas como “Gregorio Martínez Sierra” se analiza a través de sus textos autobiográficos: Una mujer por caminos de España (1952) y Gregorio y yo: medio siglo de colaboración (1953). Se describe su trayectoria teatral, ensayística y su significación en la lucha por la autodeterminación y modernización de las mujeres.