Dans l'étude de l'état territorial de Thessalie dans la période byzantine tardive qui se définit comme un type particulier de semi-indépendance et qui a existé de 1213/22 jusqu'à la conquête ottomane entre 1454 et 1470 il est à noter l'importance des documents du 13e et du 14e siècles provenant des monastères de Thessalie, particulièrement les hagiographies comme celle de la vie de Saint Cyprien. Des changements territoriaux ont été imposés par la présence d'envahisseurs comme les chevaliers de la 4e croisade, (...) les catalans, les serbes, les albanais et éventuellement les turcs ottomans. (shrink)

L'auteur étudie trois termes rencontrés dans les sources byzantines et généralement mal employés : Agarenoī , Ismaelītai et Sarakenoī , adoptés afin de désigner, avec une connotation religieuse, les dynasties arabe et turque du Proche et du Moyen Orient, mais également les diverses tribus de Turcomans qui s'établirent, à partir du XIe siècle dans les anciens territoires de ces dynasties.

This paper examines the ways in which two methods of horse training generally considered divergent approach the concepts of partnership and conflict in human-horse relations. It focuses on finding similarities between the methods, both of which, it is argued, demonstrate the significance of communication in improving human-horse relations. Using interview material, the paper analyzes the practices and beliefs of individuals involved in natural horsemanship. In doing so the paper shows that communication between human and horse works to promote relations between (...) them that are free of conflict. This analysis is offered as a potential “solution” to welfare problems that exist both within competitive dressage practice and within individual human-horse relations. The paper also examines how the fundamental similarities between dressage and natural horsemanship could point to universalized theories of horse training focused on improving human-horse relations. (shrink)

In this paper, a fresh method is offered regarding training of particular neural networks. This technique is a combination of the adaptive genetic (AG) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms, called the AGCS method. The intention of training a particular artificial neural network (ANN) is to obtain the finest weight load. With this protocol, a particular weight is taken into account as feedback, which is optimized by means of the hybrid AGCS protocol. In the beginning, a collection of weights is initialized (...) and the similar miscalculation is discovered. Finally, during training of an ANN, we can easily overcome the training complications involving ANNs and also gain the finest overall performance with training of the ANN. We have implemented the proposed system in MATLAB, and the overall accuracy is about 93%, which is much better than that of the genetic algorithm (86%) and CS (88%) algorithm. (shrink)

Automatic Generation Control in modern power systems is getting complex, due to intermittency in the output power of multiple sources along with considerable digressions in the loads and system parameters. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to calculate Power System Restoration Indices of a 2-area thermal-hydro restructured power system. This study also highlights the necessary ancillary service requirements for the system under a deregulated environment to cater to large-scale power failures and entire system outages. An abrupt change (...) in consumer load demands and disturbances in any control region of a multiarea system causes severe fluctuations in frequency and interarea power exchanges. However, simple Proportional and Integral controllers are most prevalent in the literature to effectively resolve AGC issues, while its integral gain is smaller due to the larger overshoot in transient performance. Therefore, an attempt has been made with a novel control strategy, known as the pseudoderivative feedforward with feedback controller, is developed to keep the interarea power exchanges and the frequency to the specified limits after load changes. A PDFF controller is designed and implemented using the flower pollination algorithm to obtain optimal dynamic performance for different types of potential power flows in a restructured power system under investigation. The proposed PDFF controller localizes the zero at an optimal place that reduces the rise time of the step-response to reduce the excessive overshoot and gives much better dynamic performances as compared to the PI control structure. The Integral Square Error is considered as a performance criterion to derive the optimized gain of the PDFF control structure using FPA. Different PSRI are computed based on the transient response of the 2-area deregulated multisource system and different restoration measures to be taken are also discussed. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed approach is very powerful in decreasing the frequency and tie-power digressions under different load perturbations. (shrink)

Bosphorus/Bosporus (Boghaz-İçi) from Byzantine to Latin and Ottoman Times (4th–15th Centuries): Constantinople Viewed from the Northeast Water Currents. By Alexios G. C. Savvides. Athens: Hêrotodos, 2020. Pp. 238. €30.