Results for ' scientific knowledge '

966 found
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  1.  37
    Scientific Knowledge and the Deep Past: History Matters.Adrian Currie - 2019 - Cambridge University Press.
    Historical sciences like paleontology and archaeology have uncovered unimagined, remarkable and mysterious worlds in the deep past. How should we understand the success of these sciences? What is the relationship between knowledge and history? In Scientific Knowledge and the Deep Past: History Matters, Adrian Currie examines recent paleontological work on the great changes that occurred during the Cretaceous period - the emergence of flowering plants, the splitting of the mega-continent Gondwana, and the eventual fall of the dinosaurs (...)
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  2.  93
    Scientific knowledge.Philip Kitcher - 2002 - In Paul K. Moser (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology. New York: Oup Usa. pp. 385--408.
    In “Scientific Knowledge,” Philip Kitcher challenges arguments that deny the truth of the theoretical claims of science, and he attempts to discover reasons for endorsing the truth of such claims. He suggests that the discovery of such reasons might succeed if we ask why anyone thinks that the theoretical claims we accept are true and then look for answers that reconstruct actual belief‐generating processes. To this end, Kitcher presents the “homely argument” for scientific truth, which claims that (...)
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  3.  66
    Which Scientific Knowledge is a Common Good?Hans Radder - 2017 - Social Epistemology 31 (5):431-450.
    In this article, I address the question of whether science can and should be seen as a common good. For this purpose, the first section focuses on the notion of knowledge and examines its main characteristics. I discuss and assess the core view of analytic epistemology, that knowledge is, basically, justified true belief. On the basis of this analysis, I then develop an alternative, multi-dimensional theory of the nature of knowledge. Section 2 reviews and evaluates several answers (...)
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  4.  41
    Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory.Barry Barnes - 1974 - Routledge.
    Originally published in 1974. Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory centres on the problem of explaining the manifest variety and contrast in the beliefs about nature held in different groups and societies. It maintains that the sociologist should treat all beliefs symmetrically and must investigate and account for allegedly "correct" or "scientific" beliefs just as he would "incorrect" or "unscientific" ones. From this basic position a study of scientific beliefs is constructed. The sociological interest of such beliefs (...)
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  5. Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Approach.Barry Barnes, David Bloor & John Henry - 1996 - University of Chicago Press.
     
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  6. Scientific Knowledge-Building and Healing Processes.Jean-Pierre Courtial - 2011 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 32 (2):113-122.
    Scientific knowledge-building is the consequence of a relational process, not of an utilitarian socio-economic process. Translation theory expresses the way in which science is constructed and used as a social link. In fact, translation theory contends that scientific knowledge is somehow governed by the logic of exchange. This logic of exchange would ultimately be the source of science and well being and characterize the way in which science and technology work in our contemporary world especially regarding (...)
     
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  7.  13
    Analyzing scientific knowledge in documents: The case of regulatory impact assessment.Katarína Staroňová - 2014 - Human Affairs 24 (3):299-306.
    Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is seen as a tool for increasing evidence-based policy making and as such it is being integrated into decision-making procedures on a wide range of issues. Based on systematic consultation, clear criteria for policy choice, and economic analysis of how costs and benefits impact on a wide range of affected parties, this tool operates by using scientific knowledge and technical analysis rather than political considerations. Scientific knowledge can be used to achieve instrumental (...)
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  8.  67
    Scientific Knowledge and Scientific Expertise: Epistemic and Social Conditions of Their Trustworthiness.Martin Carrier - 2010 - Analyse & Kritik 32 (2):195-212.
    The article explores epistemic and social conditions of the trustworthiness of scientific expertise. I claim that there are three kinds of conditions for the trustworthiness of scientific expertise. The first condition is epistemic and means that scientific knowledge enjoys high credibility. The second condition concerns the significance of scientific knowledge. It means that scientific generalizations are relevant for elucidating the particular cases that constitute the challenges for expert judgment. The third condition concerns the (...)
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  9.  27
    Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems.Ardon Lyon - 1973 - Philosophical Quarterly 23 (92):274-276.
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  10. Who has scientific knowledge?K. Brad Wray - 2007 - Social Epistemology 21 (3):337 – 347.
    I examine whether or not it is apt to attribute knowledge to groups of scientists. I argue that though research teams can be aptly described as having knowledge, communities of scientists identified with research fields, and the scientific community as a whole are not capable of knowing. Scientists involved in research teams are dependent on each other, and are organized in a manner to advance a goal. Such teams also adopt views that may not be identical to (...)
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  11.  39
    Scientific knowledge and its social problems.Jerome R. Ravetz - 1971 - Oxford,: Clarendon Press.
  12.  53
    Scientific knowledge suppresses but does not supplant earlier intuitions.Andrew Shtulman & Joshua Valcarcel - 2012 - Cognition 124 (2):209-215.
  13. Why Scientific Knowledge Is Still the Best.Moti Mizrahi - 2018 - Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 7 (9):18-32.
    In his latest attack, even though he claims to be a practitioner of “close reading” (Wills 2018b, 34), it appears that Wills still has not bothered to read the paper in which I defend the thesis he seeks to attack (Mizrahi 2017a), or any of the papers in my exchange with Brown (Mizrahi 2017b; 2018a), as evidenced by the fact that he does not cite them at all. This explains why Wills completely misunderstands Weak Scientism and the arguments for the (...)
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  14.  14
    Scientific Knowledge and the Transgression of Boundaries.Bettina-Johanna Krings, Hannot Rodríguez & Anna Schleisiek (eds.) - 2016 - Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer VS.
    The aim of this book is to understand and critically appraise science-based transgression dynamics in their whole complexity. It includes contributions from experts with different disciplinary backgrounds, such as philosophy, history and sociology. Thus, it is in itself an example of boundary transgression. Scientific disciplines and their objects have tended to be seen as permanent and distinct. However, science is better conceived as an activity that constantly surpasses, erases and rebuilds all kinds of boundaries, either disciplinary, socio-ethical or ecological. (...)
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  15.  40
    (1 other version)Scientific Knowledge: Causation, Explanation, and Corroboration.Douglas Shrader - 1981 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 46 (3):541-542.
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  16.  24
    Representing scientific knowledge for quantitative analysis of physical systems.Soroush Mobasheri & Mehrnoush Shamsfard - 2020 - Applied ontology 15 (4):439-474.
    Representation of scientific knowledge in ontologies suffers so often from the lack of computational knowledge required for inference. This article aims to perform quantitative analysis on physical systems, that is, to answer questions about values of quantitative state variables of a physical system with known structure. For this objective, we incorporate procedural knowledge on two distinct levels. At the domain-specific level, we propose a representation model for scientific knowledge, i.e. variables, theories, and laws of (...)
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  17.  25
    Scientific Knowledge and Art in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature.Hewei Sophia Duan - 2023 - Environmental Ethics 45 (1):23-47.
    Scientific cognitivism, a main position in Western environmental aesthetics, claims scientific knowledge plays a major role in the aesthetic appreciation of nature. However, the claim is controversial. This study reexamines the history of United States environmental attitudes around the nineteenth century and claims art has played the main role in nature appreciation, even with the emphasis on scientific knowledge. This paper proposes a tri-stage, Scientific Knowledge-Aesthetic Value Transformation Model and argues nature appreciation is (...)
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  18. Scientific Knowledge. A Sociological Analysis.Barry Barnes, David Bloor & John Henry - 1999 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 30 (1):173-176.
     
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  19. Active externalism, virtue reliabilism and scientific knowledge.Spyridon Orestis Palermos - 2015 - Synthese 192 (9):2955-2986.
    Combining active externalism in the form of the extended and distributed cognition hypotheses with virtue reliabilism can provide the long sought after link between mainstream epistemology and philosophy of science. Specifically, by reading virtue reliabilism along the lines suggested by the hypothesis of extended cognition, we can account for scientific knowledge produced on the basis of both hardware and software scientific artifacts. Additionally, by bringing the distributed cognition hypothesis within the picture, we can introduce the notion of (...)
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  20. Scientific knowledge and its situatedness versus its objectivity (problems of situated knowledge in feminist epistemology).E. Farkasova - 2002 - Filozofia 57 (6):383-392.
    The paper highlights the contemporary discussions on the concept of objectivity in feminist epistemology, in which it is taken in its historical development. Following the works of S. Harding, L. Code, D. Haraway, L. Daston. J. Tannoch-Bland and others the author focuses mainly on one of the topics in feminist epistemology, namely the problematic of the so called "situated knowledge" as related to the objectivity of knowledge. The paper also gives a brief outline of the transformation of "aperspective (...)
     
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  21. Epistemic dependence and collective scientific knowledge.Jeroen de Ridder - 2014 - Synthese 191 (1):1-17.
    I argue that scientific knowledge is collective knowledge, in a sense to be specified and defended. I first consider some existing proposals for construing collective knowledge and argue that they are unsatisfactory, at least for scientific knowledge as we encounter it in actual scientific practice. Then I introduce an alternative conception of collective knowledge, on which knowledge is collective if there is a strong form of mutual epistemic dependence among scientists, which (...)
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  22.  6
    Scientific Knowledge: Discovery of Nature or Mental Construction?Harry Settanni - 1992 - University Press of America.
    This book defends the constructivist view of science, namely, the view that scientific theories are mental constructions in the mind of the scientist, rather than the realist view that scientific theories are accounts of what nature itself is like. To prove this point, evolution theory is contrasted with "creation science" as two paradigms or extremely divergent theories, each of which, as a mental construct, explains the data or facts of the natural world equally well. Contents: Realism vs. Constructivism; (...)
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  23.  77
    Social aspects of scientific knowledge.Ilkka Niiniluoto - 2020 - Synthese 197 (1):447-468.
    From its inception in 1987 social epistemology has been divided into analytic and critical approaches, represented by Alvin I. Goldman and Steve Fuller, respectively. In this paper, the agendas and some basic ideas of ASE and CSE are compared and assessed by bringing into the discussion also other participants of the debates on the social aspects of scientific knowledge—among them Raimo Tuomela, Philip Kitcher and Helen Longino. The six topics to be analyzed include individual and collective epistemic agents; (...)
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  24.  85
    Scientific knowledge and the aesthetic appreciation of nature.Patricia Matthews - 2002 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 60 (1):37–48.
  25. Scientific knowledge: a sociological analysis.Barry Barnes - 1996 - London: Athlone. Edited by David Bloor & John Henry.
    Although science was once seen as the product of individual great men working in isolation, we now realize that, like any other creative activity, science is a highly social enterprise, influenced in subtle as well as obvious ways by the wider culture and values of its time. Scientific Knowledge is the first introduction to social studies of scientific knowledge. The authors, all noted for their contributions to science studies, have organized this book so that each chapter (...)
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  26. Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Approach and Steven Shapin, The Scientific Revolution.James Robert Brown, Barry Barnes, David Bloor & John Henry - 1998 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 12 (1):100.
  27. Scientific Knowledge, Moral Knowledge: Is There Any Need for Faith?B. Davis - 1989 - Free Inquiry 9 (2):30-36.
     
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  28. Scientific knowledge and the court-reflections on the patronage system in italy.G. Olmi - 1995 - Giornale Critico Della Filosofia Italiana 15 (3):287-308.
     
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  29.  60
    Ernst Cassirer: scientific knowledge and the concept of man.Seymour W. Itzkoff - 1997 - Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
    Ernst Cassirer: Scientific Knowledge and the Concept of Man by Seymour W. Itzkoff is currently one of the few books available in the English language that discusses the philosophy of twentieth-century German philosopher Ernst Cassirer. Itzkoff's study brings Cassirer's perspective directly into the contemporary debate over the evolution of human thought and its relationship to animal life. Further, Itzkoff places Cassirer directly in the context of recent philosophical thought, arguing for the importance of his Kantian perspective, a significance (...)
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  30.  8
    Scientific Knowledge and Social Responsibility.Amedeo Santosuosso & Marta Tomasi - 2023 - In Erick Valdés & Juan Alberto Lecaros (eds.), Handbook of Bioethical Decisions. Volume II: Scientific Integrity and Institutional Ethics. Springer Verlag. pp. 3873751-40332760.
    This Chapter aims to present a very preliminary exploration of the role and functioning of some ‘leading ideas’ that represent the most consistent attempts to balance freedom of scientific research with the need to protect participants and the community as a whole. To this end, we searched two databases, a scientific and a legal one, for some keywords (Freedom of research, Precautionary principle, Risk-based approach, Responsible research and innovation), to check the consistency of their presence and evolution over (...)
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  31.  58
    Is scientific knowledge rational? (Review).Clint Jones - 2009 - Philosophy East and West 59 (4):pp. 561-562.
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  32. Collective Scientific Knowledge.Melinda Fagan - 2012 - Philosophy Compass 7 (12):821-831.
    Philosophical debates about collective scientific knowledge concern two distinct theses: groups are necessary to produce scientific knowledge, and groups have scientific knowledge in their own right. Thesis has strong support. Groups are required, in many cases of scientific inquiry, to satisfy methodological norms, to develop theoretical concepts, or to validate the results of inquiry as scientific knowledge. So scientific knowledge‐production is collective in at least three respects. However, support for (...)
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  33.  40
    Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Analysis. Barry Barnes, David Bloor, John Henry.Joseph Rouse - 1996 - Isis 87 (4):764-766.
  34.  26
    Scientific Knowledge and Forbidden Truths.David H. Smith - 1978 - Hastings Center Report 8 (6):30-35.
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  35.  38
    The power of scientific knowledge: from research to public policy.Reiner Grundmann - 2012 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Nico Stehr.
    It is often said that knowledge is power, but more often than not relevant knowledge is not used when political decisions are made. This book examines how political decisions relate to scientific knowledge and what factors determine the success of scientific research in influencing policy. The authors take a comparative and historical perspective and refer to well-known theoretical frameworks, but the focus of the book is on three case studies: the discourse of racism, Keynesianism, and (...)
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  36.  5
    Scientific knowledge and myth.Luc Brisson - 2004 - Plato Journal 4.
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  37.  18
    Collective scientific knowledge without a collective subject.Duygu Uygun Tunc - unknown
    Large research collaborations constitute an increasingly prevalent form of social organization of research activity in many scientific fields. In the last decades, the concept of distributed cognition has provided a suitable basis for thinking about collective knowledge in the philosophy of science. Karin Knorr-Cetina’s and Ronald Giere’s analyses of high energy physics experiments are the most prominent examples. Although they both conceive the processes of knowledge production in these experiments in terms of distributed cognition, their accounts regarding (...)
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  38.  25
    Scientific knowledge.Paul Humphreys - 2004 - In Ilkka Niiniluoto, Matti Sintonen & Jan Woleński (eds.), Handbook of Epistemology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. pp. 549--569.
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  39.  10
    Scientific Knowledge in Controversy: The Social Dynamics of the Fluoridation DebateBrian Martin.Elizabeth Hunt - 1992 - Isis 83 (3):524-525.
  40.  36
    Scientific Knowledge and Philosophic Thought. Harold Himsworth.Richard Blackwell - 1986 - Isis 77 (4):683-683.
  41.  40
    Pluralism, scientific knowledge, and the fallacy of overriding values.John Kekes - 1995 - Argumentation 9 (4):577-594.
    The paper examines one implication of pluralism, the view that all values are conditional and none are overriding. This implication is that since scientific knowledge is one of the conditional values, there are circumstances in which the pursuit of even the most basic scientific knowledge is legitimately curtailed. These circumstances occur when the pursuit of scientific knowledge conflicts with moral and political values which, in that context, are more important than it. The argument focuses (...)
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  42.  69
    Demonstration and Scientific Knowledge in William of Ockham: A Translation of Summa Logicae III-II: De Syllogismo Demonstrativo, and Selections from the Prologue to the Ordinatio (review).Alexander W. Hall - 2008 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 46 (1):170-172.
    Alexander W. Hall - Demonstration and Scientific Knowledge in William of Ockham: A Translation of Summa Logicae III-II: De Syllogismo Demonstrativo, and Selections from the Prologue to the Ordinatio - Journal of the History of Philosophy 46:1 Journal of the History of Philosophy 46.1 170-172 Muse Search Journals This Journal Contents Reviewed by Alexander W. Hall Clayton State University John Lee Longeway, translator. Demonstration and Scientific Knowledge in William of Ockham: A Translation of Summa Logicae III–II: (...)
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  43.  91
    Duhem, Quine, Wittgenstein and the Sociology of scientific knowledge: continuity of self-legitimation?Dominique Raynaud - 2003 - Epistemologia 26 (1):133-160.
    Contemporary sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) is defined by its relativist trend. Its programme often calls for the support of philosophers, such as Duhem, Quine, and Wittgenstein. A critical re-reading of key texts shows that the main principles of relativism are only derivable with difficulty. The thesis of the underdetermination of theory doesn't forbid that Duhem, in many places, validates a correspondence-consistency theory of truth. He never said that social beliefs and interests fill the lack of underdetermination. Quine's (...)
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  44.  2
    Spaces of Scientific Knowledge.Nico Stehr - 2024 - Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa 56 (1).
    Perhaps the first and most pertinent observation that comes to mind when considering knowledge spaces is that scientific knowledge knows no boundaries. However, it would be naive to assume that knowledge flow freely and without cost within and across borders. Indeed, distance can be largerly irrelevant among influences on the cognitive outcomes of scientific collaboration. The nature of the social and cognitive ties between scientists has a greater influence.
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  45.  53
    Scientific Knowledge: Basic Issues in the Philosophy of Science.Janet A. Kourany - 1987
    * Broad ranging anthology that presents the best classical and contemporary material within the context of current trends in the philosophy of science (can be used as a core text or a supplemental reader).
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  46.  29
    Can scientific knowledge be islamized?Toby E. Huff - 1996 - Social Epistemology 10 (3 & 4):305 – 316.
  47.  22
    Scientific Knowledge in Society and it's Communication.Tadashi Kobayashi - 2010 - Kagaku Tetsugaku 43 (2):33-45.
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  48.  30
    From Scientific Knowledge to Daily Newspapers’ Horoscopes: Astrology’s Removal from Legitimate Practice and the Medieval Roots of this Transformation Process.Francesca Bonini - 2021 - Quaestio 20:526-530.
    Quaestio, Volume 20, Issue, Page 526-530, January 2020.
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  49.  22
    The Logical Limits of Scientific Knowledge: Historical and Integrative Perspectives.Ettore De Monte & Antonino Tamburello - 2012 - Logos and Episteme 3 (2):193-227.
    This work investigates some of the most important logical limits of scientific knowledge. We argue that scientific knowledge is based on different logicalforms and paradigms. The logical forms, which represent the rational structure of scientific knowledge, show their limits through logical antinomies. The paradigms, which represent the scientific points of view on the world, show their limits through the theoretical anomalies. When these limits arise in science and when scientists become fully and deeply (...)
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  50. The Scientific Knowledge of Physical Nature.J. J. Sikora - 1966 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 34 (4):444-444.
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