Il presente contributo presuppone alcune definizioni preliminari e fondanti; queste sono imprescindibili, da un lato, per indicare la cornice interdisciplinare di riferimento, e, dall’altro, per impostare una forma di embedded analysis: un’analisi contestuale in chiave ermeneutica che sia interna alla stessa cornice di riferimento cognitivo e di indagine scientifica. Questo frame è l’‘Occidente’, termine indicante una costellazione categoriale, simbolica e storica insieme, e da declinarsi al plurale. Dapprima, verrà compiuta, attraverso le lenti di alcune discipline pertinenti, una chiarificazione, per quanto (...) minima, dei principali concetti in questione – pragmatica, alterità, identità, asimmetria, cartografia; solo tramite l’esplicitazione dei nessi semantici derivante dalla precedente fase, potranno in seguito delinearsi alcune riflessioni metodiche, con cui auspicabilmente si possano “mettere in esercizio” i cinque lemmi, e allo scopo di definire con maggior rigore le sfide sociali e politiche per una coesistenza non violenta entro l’Occidente ‘europeo’, in particolare. (shrink)

In this paper, we focus on some misconceptions about Critical Pragmatics, what it is, what it assumes and what it proposes. Doubtless, some of these misconceptions are due to clumsy writing on our part; perhaps others are due to inattentive reading. And some may be due to an effort to shield us from the apparent implausibility of what we said—and in fact meant. It does not matter much. We focus on those misunderstandings that most matter to us, either because, by (...) repetition, they have ended up being annoying, even if they are not, perhaps, that important; or because they are substantial enough to represent a distortion of the basic picture of Critical Pragmatics and its theoretical foundations, namely, Critical Referentialism—also known as the Reflexive-referential Theory—and, more generally, Perry’s fundamental views on meaning and content(s). (shrink)

Before being considered as independent fields, business cycles and productivity growth had long been regarded as closely interrelated dynamics. Growth and cycles theories and models developed independently. On one side, the growth analysis developed analyzing the existence and stability of a long-run deterministic growth path. On the other side, business cycles theory focused on the understanding of detrended data movements considering growth as an exogenous trend, independent of the cycle. This dichotomy is still present in the modern literature. _Business Cycles (...) and Growth Theory_ examines the role of monetary and financial factors in growth cycles dynamics interaction. It offers new perspectives for modelling growth cycles dynamics underlining the possibility of building an 'incomplete business cycles theory', as well as highlighting the existence of a convergence between the last theoretical developments of both growth and business cycles literatures. A significant read, this book demonstrates that such a convergence can provide benchmarks for a new paradigm of models in which endogenous growth mechanism, because it offers a strong propagation for shocks, can be the core of a new business cycles dynamics. (shrink)

Singular terms without referents are called empty or vacuous terms. But not all of them are equally empty. In particular, not all proper names that fail to name an existing object fail in the same way: although they are all empty, they are not all equally vacuous. “Vulcan,” “Jacob Horn,” “Odysseus,” and “Sherlock Holmes,” for instance, are all empty. They have no referents. But they are not entirely vacuous or useless. Sometimes they are used in statements that are true or (...) false. We are basically referentialists about proper names. The ordinary semantic function of a proper name is to refer to an object, and to do it directly, that is, without semantically providing any identifying condition that the object should meet to be the referent. To put it differently, we agree that statements containing proper names express singular propositions, i.e., that their truth-conditions involve the referent of the proper name, if it exists, and not any identifying condition of it. Now, since empty names lack a referent, and therefore would not express such a singular proposition, how do we explain that many, if not all, statements containing them have a truth-value? Answering this question for the case of fictional names, in particular, is the aim of this paper. (shrink)

This volume offers novel views on the precise relation between reference to an object by means of a linguistic expression and our mental representation of that object, long a source of debate in the philosophy of language, linguistics, and cognitive science. Chapters in this volume deal with our devices for singular reference and singular representation, with most focusing on linguistic expressions that are used to refer to particular objects, persons, or places. These expressions include proper names such as Mary and (...) John; indexicals such as I and tomorrow; demonstrative pronouns such as this and that; and some definite and indefinite descriptions such as The Queen of England or a medical doctor. Other chapters examine the ways we represent objects in thought, particularly the first-person perspective and the self, and one explores a notion common to reference and representation: salience. The volume includes the latest views on these complex topics from some of the most prominent authors in the field and will be of interest to anyone working on issues of reference and representation in thought and language. (shrink)

The physician of fifty years ago is barely recognizable today. Rural, autonomous, and isolated, he did everything from mending broken bones to pronouncing people dead. He was responsible for a well-circumscribed community, who came to him for all their medical needs, regardless of the hour.

In §8 of hisBegriffsschrift(1879), Gottlob Frege discusses issues related to identity. Frege begins his most famous essay,“On Sense and Denotation”(1892),published 13 years later, by criticizing the view advocated in §8. He returns to theseissues in the concluding paragraph. Controversies continue over these importantpassages. We offer an interpretation and discuss some alternatives. We defend thatin theBegriffsschrift,Frege does not hold that identity is a relation between signs.§8 of theBegriffsschriftis motivated by the conflict between two differentcriteria for sameness of conceptual content of sentences. (...) To resolve that conflict,Frege introduces‘≡’in §8 and, thus, circumstances with names as constituents. Tothe same end, in“On Sense and Denotation,”Frege introduces senses andThoughts and abandons both ‘≡’ and circumstances. He solves what we call theCo-instantiation problem, and disregards, but does not solve, the Name problem. (shrink)

A fresh approach to learning Sanskrit aimed specifically at the TT and serious yoga student market and based in an original combination of traditional pedagogy (oral instruction and textual memorization) and academic linguistics (grammar and syntax) and utilizing central yoga texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and Yoga Sutras.

Cet article étudie les évolutions significatives de la théorie des crises économiques « à retour périodique » chez Juglar entre ses premières formulations, peu avant 1860, et les toutes dernières versions quelque quarante ans plus tard. Les progrès analytiques et empiriques sont soulignés et l’article signale la montée en généralité de la vision du cycle chez Juglar qui, à la fin de sa vie, décelait dans ce phénomène régulier la « clé de tout le mouvement social ». Des raisons économiques, (...) politique, morales, mais surtout religieuses permettent de rendre compte de cette évolution dans l’œuvre de Juglar. L’article pointe, en particulier, l’importance du jansénisme dans la vision économique du « prophète des crises ». (shrink)

This paper is a translation to Portuguese of the ninth chapter of Alvin Plantinga’s 1974 book The Nature of Necessity, in which the famous freewill defense for the problem of evil is presented in its most complete form. By making use of the theory of possible worlds developed in the previous chapters of the book, Plantinga engages in a recognizably successful attempt to show that the existence of evil is not inconsistent with the existence of an omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient (...) being. In addition to the translation, we provide a brief introduction to Plantinga’s free-will defense and to the debate about God and evil in the analytic philosophy of religion. Key words: problem of evil, free-will defense, possible worlds, analytic philosophy of religion. (shrink)

A pandemia do Coronavírus (Covid-19) coloca a sociedade em uma situação em que todos os sistemas educacionais, foram paralisados ou tiveram um comprometimento muito drástico com a interrupção de atividades pedagógicas. As universidades e faculdades privadas movimentaram uma operação sem precedentes com aulas remotas e a distância, com o intuito em não parar o calendário acadêmico. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo objetiva discutir a importância da reflexão da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) como mediadora na educação brasileira superior, durante (...) a pandemia do Covid-19. A metodologia empregada foi qualitativa e bibliográfica, por meio de pesquisas em arcabouços teóricos, legislação brasileira, além da observação do cotidiano do ensino superior brasileiro que se dá nos veículos de comunicação de massa. A partir da análise dos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o auxílio das tecnologias, o professor beneficia o aluno no período da pandemia do coronavírus, na medida em que faz uma abordagem mais ampla e o permite fazer associações, através de aulas remotas que podem ser potencializados com as metodologias ativas de ensino. (shrink)

PDZ (also called DHR or GLGF) domains are found in diverse membraneassociated proteins including members of the MAGUK family of guanylate kinase homologues, several protein phosphatases and kinases, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and several dystrophin‐associated proteins, collectively known as syntrophins. Many PDZ domain‐containing proteins appear to be localised to highly specialised submembranous sites, suggesting their participation in cellular junction formation, receptor or channel clustering, and intracellular signalling events. PDZ domains of several MAGUKs interact with the C‐terminal polypeptides of a subset (...) of NMDA receptor subunits and/or with Shaker‐type K+ channels. Other PDZ domains have been shown to bind similar ligands of other transmembrane receptors. Recently, the crystal structures of PDZ domains, with and without ligand, have been determined. These demonstrate the mode of ligand‐binding and the structural bases for sequence conservation among diverse PDZ domains. (shrink)

Resumo: Intento, neste breve estudo interpretativo, abordar uma certa imagem da solidão na filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche como tema e como experiência atrelada à figura conceitual do espírito livre. Para dar efetividade a esta interpretação, escolhi efetuar esse tracejo em dois momentos complementares: no volume 1 da obra Humano, demasiado Humano; e depois em seu segundo volume composto por duas obras: Miscelânea de Opiniões e Sentenças e o Andarilho e sua Sombra. Em ambas, a solidão é vista como morada e (...) campo gestor desse espírito livre que deseja tornar-se si mesmo. Palavras-chave: Solidão; Humano; Demasiado Humano; Friedrich Nietzsche Loneliness too human Abstract: In this brief interpretative study, I intend to approach a certain image of solitude in Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy as a theme and as an experience linked to the conceptual figure of the free spirit. To give effectiveness to this interpretation, I chose to do this trace in two complementary moments: in volume 1 of the work Human, Too Human; and then in his second volume composed of two works: Miscellany of Opinions and Sentences and The Wanderer and his Shadow. In both, solitude is seen as the dwelling and managing field of this free spirit that wishes to become itself. Keywords: Loneliness; Human; Too Human; Friedrich Nietzsche Soledad demasiado humana Resumen: En este breve estudio interpretativo, pretendo acercarme a una determinada imagen de la soledad en la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche como tema y como experiencia vinculada a la figura conceptual del espíritu libre. Para dar efectividad a esta interpretación, elegí hacer este rastreo en dos momentos complementarios: en el volumen 1 de la obra Humano, demasiado humano; y luego en su segundo volumen compuesto por dos obras: Miscelánea de opiniones y sentencias y El caminante y su sombra. En ambos, la soledad es vista como la morada y el campo de gestión de este espíritu libre que desea llegar a ser él mismo. Palabras clave: Soledad; Humano; Demasiado Humano; Friedrich NietzscheData de registro: 17/06/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)

En este análisis de La música en Cuba (1946), de Alejo Carpentier, discutimos la inclusión del afrocubanismo en la conformación de la música y la cultura cubana, en conexión con los debates del nacionalismo y del vanguardismo. Tanto en este libro como en la literatura de Carpentier resuena su visión del tiempo y el concepto de lo real maravilloso, relacionados con la «autenticidad» de América Latina. Al mismo tiempo, su posición sobre las tareas del escritor latinoamericano gana acento particular cuando (...) la música se convierte en el principal elemento para forjar la nacionalidad. Esta obra, que propone el arte musical como la clave de la «originalidad» de la cultura cubana, también permite analizar el papel que cumplen los intelectuales, en una época en que la literatura “asumía un puesto central dentro de las fuerzas componentes de la cultura del país o de la región” (Ángel Rama, 1985). (shrink)

Proponemos una interpretación novedosa de la(s) teoría(s) de Frege en Begriffsschrift (1879/2016) y “Über Sinn und Bedeutung” (1892a/2016). Prestamos especial atención al papel de las circunstancias como contenido conceptual de las oraciones en Begriffsschrift y argumentamos que ninguna razón de las que ofrece Frege en “Über Sinn und Bedeutung” para establecer los valores de verdad como referencia de las oraciones justifica su eliminación. Este artículo no es tanto de carácter histórico como de reconstrucción conceptual. Buscamos en Frege las raíces de (...) una concepción pluralista del contenido de la oración (Perry, 2001/2012; Korta & Perry, 2011). (shrink)