Results for ' Tradecraft standards '

975 found
Order:
  1.  93
    Better Together: Reliable Application of the Post-9/11 and Post-Iraq US Intelligence Tradecraft Standards Requires Collective Analysis.Alexandru Marcoci, Mark Burgman, Ariel Kruger, Elizabeth Silver, Marissa McBride, Felix Singleton Thorn, Hannah Fraser, Bonnie C. Wintle, Fiona Fidler & Ans Vercammen - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology.
    Background. The events of 9/11 and the October 2002 National Intelligence Estimate on Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction precipitated fundamental changes within the US Intelligence Community. As part of the reform, analytic tradecraft standards were revised and codified into a policy document – Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203 – and an analytic ombudsman was appointed in the newly created Office for the Director of National Intelligence to ensure compliance across the intelligence community. In this paper (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2.  99
    ODNI as an analytic ombudsman: Is Intelligence Community Directive 203 up to the task?Alexandru Marcoci, Ans Vercammen & Mark Burgman - forthcoming - Intelligence and National Security.
    In the wake of 9/11 and the assessment of Iraq's WMD, several inquiries placed the blame primarily on the Intelligence Community. Part of the reform that followed was a codification of analytic tradecraft standards into Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203 and the appointment of an analytic ombudsman in the newly created Office of the Director of National Intelligence charged with monitoring the quality of analytic products from across the intelligence community. In this paper we identify three assumptions behind (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  3.  31
    Correcting Judgment Correctives in National Security Intelligence.David R. Mandel & Philip E. Tetlock - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:428814.
    Intelligence analysts, like other professionals, form norms that define standards of tradecraft excellence. These norms, however, have evolved in an idiosyncratic manner that reflects the influence of prominent insiders who had keen psychological insights but little appreciation for how to translate those insights into testable hypotheses. The net result is that the prevailing tradecraft norms of best practice are only loosely grounded in the science of judgment and decision-making. The “common sense” of prestigious opinion leaders inside the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4. III. Confucian thinkers after confucius.Standard Works - 2001 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 28:77.
  5.  16
    Crowding Out and Crowding In of Intrinsic.Standard Microeconomics & Homo Oeconomicus - 2012 - In Eric Brousseau, Tom Dedeurwaerdere & Bernd Siebenhüner, Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods. MIT Press. pp. 75.
  6. 94 daoism and the daoist founders.Standard Works - 2001 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 28:93.
  7.  3
    Maughn Rollins Gregory (USA).Dialogue Type Purpose Standard - 2009 - In Eva Marsal, Takara Dobashi & Barbara Weber, Children Philosophize Worldwide: Theoretical and Practical Concepts. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang GmbH. pp. 337.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  8. The Reasonable and the Relevant: Legal Standards of Proof.Georgi Gardiner - 2019 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 47 (3):288-318.
    According to a common conception of legal proof, satisfying a legal burden requires establishing a claim to a numerical threshold. Beyond reasonable doubt, for example, is often glossed as 90% or 95% likelihood given the evidence. Preponderance of evidence is interpreted as meaning at least 50% likelihood given the evidence. In light of problems with the common conception, I propose a new ‘relevant alternatives’ framework for legal standards of proof. Relevant alternative accounts of knowledge state that a person knows (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   45 citations  
  9. ""Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries from" Reasonable Availability" to" Fair Benefits".Maged El Setouhy, Tsiri Agbenyega, Francis Anto, Christine Alexandra Clerk, Kwadwo A. Koram, Michael English, Rashid Juma, Catherine Molyneux, Norbert Peshu & Newton Kumwenda - forthcoming - Hastings Center Report.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  10.  21
    Deepening Understanding of Certification Adoption and Non-Adoption of International-Supplier Ethical Standards.Andrea M. Prado & Arch G. Woodside - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (1):105-125.
    This study presents a theory of causally complex configurations of antecedent conditions influencing the adoption versus non-adoption of international supplier ethical certification-standards. Using objective measures of antecedents and outcomes, a large-scale study of exporting firms in the cut-flower industry in two South American countries supports the theory. The theory includes the following and additional propositions. No single -antecedent condition is sufficient for accurately predicting a high membership score in outcome conditions; the outcome conditions include a firm’s adoption or rejection (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  11. The naturalist conception of methodological standards in science: A critique.Gerald Doppelt - 1990 - Philosophy of Science 57 (1):1-19.
    In this essay, I criticize Laudan's view that methodological rules in science are best understood as hypothetical imperatives, for example, to realize cognitive aim A, follow method B. I criticize his idea that such rules are best evaluated by a naturalized philosophy of science which collects the empirical evidence bearing on the soundness of these rules. My claim is that this view yields a poor explanation of (1) the role of methodological rules in establishing the rationality of scientific practices, (2) (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   23 citations  
  12.  69
    Stems and Standards: Social Interaction in the Search for Blood Stem Cells.Melinda Bonnie Fagan - 2010 - Journal of the History of Biology 43 (1):67 - 109.
    This essay examines the role of social interactions in the search for blood stem cells, in a recent episode of biomedical research. Linked to mid-20th century cell biology, genetics and radiation research, the search for blood stem cells coalesced in the 1960s and took a developmental turn in the late 1980s, with significant ramifications for immunology, stem cell and cancer biology. Like much contemporary biomedical research, this line of inquiry exhibits a complex social structure and includes several prominent scientific successes, (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   78 citations  
  13. A photographic miss test method.Optoelectronic Relays As Decoders, Minibar Switch, A. New, Smaller Crossbar Switch, Shunting Type Magnetic Circuit, Relay Industry Savings Resulting From Polarized & Bistable Crystal Can Relay Header Standardization - 1968 - In Peter Koestenbaum, Proceedings. [San Jose? Calif.,: [San Jose? Calif..
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14.  62
    Atomic number and isotopy before nuclear structure: multiple standards and evolving collaboration of chemistry and physics.Jordi Cat & Nicholas W. Best - 2022 - Foundations of Chemistry 25 (1):67-99.
    We provide a detailed history of the concepts of atomic number and isotopy before the discovery of protons and neutrons that draws attention to the role of evolving interplays of multiple aims and criteria in chemical and physical research. Focusing on research by Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford, we show that, in the context of differentiating disciplinary projects, the adoption of a complex and shifting concept of elemental identity and the ordering role of the periodic table led to a relatively (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  15.  92
    Beyond the vertical? Using value chains and governance as a framework to analyse private standards initiatives in agri-food chains.Anne Tallontire, Maggie Opondo, Valerie Nelson & Adrienne Martin - 2011 - Agriculture and Human Values 28 (3):427-441.
    The significance of private standards and associated local level initiatives in agri-food value chains are increasingly recognised. However whilst issues related to compliance and impact at the smallholder or worker level have frequently been analysed, the governance implications in terms of how private standards affect national level institutions, public, private and non-governmental, have had less attention. This article applies an extended value chain framework for critical analysis of Private Standards Initiatives (PSIs) in agrifood chains, drawing on primary (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  16.  8
    Framing it right? Normative representational standards for decision theory.Hadrien Mamou - unknown
    Decision problems are non-exhaustive and selective representations that raise a number of philosophical issues. Framing effects are a case in point: Differentways of framing or representing a particular decision situation may lead to different choices, in violation of the Extensionality principle. Extensionality stipulates that different descriptions of the same outcome or option should lead to identical evaluations and choices. This dissertation examines what constitutes a correct representation of a decision situation for bounded agents. Taking a Moderate Humean perspective on rationality, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17.  53
    Gender Differences in Double Standards.Iris Vermeir & Patrick Van Kenhove - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 81 (2):281 - 295.
    The purpose of the present study is to investigate gender differences in the use of double standards in ethical judgements of questionable conduct instigated by business or consumers. We investigate if consumers are more critical towards unethical corporate versus consumer actions and if these double standards depend on the gender of the respondent. In the first study, we compared evaluations of four specific unethical actions [cfr. DePaulo, 1987, in: J. Saegert (ed.) Proceedings of the Division of Consumer Psychology (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  18.  62
    Where Is the Accountability in International Accountability Standards?: A Decoupling Perspective.Michael Behnam & Tammy L. MacLean - 2011 - Business Ethics Quarterly 21 (1):45-72.
    ABSTRACT:A common complaint by academics and practitioners is that the application of international accountability standards (IAS) does not lead to significant improvements in an organization’s social responsibility. When organizations espouse their commitment to IAS but do not put forth the effort necessary to operationally enact that commitment, a “credibility cover” is created that perpetuates business as usual. In other words, the legitimacy that organizations gain by formally adopting the standards may shield the organization from closer scrutiny, thus enabling (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  19.  68
    The Ethical Standards of Judgment Questionnaire: Development and Validation of Independent Measures of Formalism and Consequentialism.Ed Love, Tara Ceranic Salinas & Jeff D. Rotman - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 161 (1):115-132.
    The ethical frameworks of consequentialism and formalism predict moral awareness and behavior in individuals, but current measures either do not treat these frameworks as independent or lack sufficient theoretical underpinnings and statistical dependability. This paper presents the development and validation of a new scale to measure consequentialism and formalism that is well grounded in prior research. The Ethical Standards of Judgement Questionnaire is validated via six studies. Measurement items are developed in the first three studies, which also confirm the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  20.  28
    Gender Differences in Double Standards.Iris Vermeir & Patrick Kenhove - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 81 (2):281-295.
    The purpose of the present study is to investigate gender differences in the use of double standards in ethical judgements of questionable conduct instigated by business or consumers. We investigate if consumers are more critical towards unethical corporate versus consumer actions and if these double standards depend on the gender of the respondent. In the first study, we compared evaluations of four specific unethical actions [cfr. DePaulo, 1987, in: J. Saegert (ed.) Proceedings of the Division of Consumer Psychology (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  21. What Shifts Epistemic Standards? DeRose on Contextualism, Safety, and Sensitivity.Michael Blome-Tillmann - 2020 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 10 (1):21-27.
    In The Appearance of Ignorance, Keith DeRose develops a version of epistemic contextualism that combines aspects of both safety and sensitivity theories of knowledge. This paper discusses some potential problems for DeRose’s account stemming from his Rule of Sensitivity, which is meant to model upwards shifts in epistemic standards.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  22. Contextualism, externalism and epistemic standards.Michael Williams - 2001 - Philosophical Studies 103 (1):1 - 23.
    I want to discuss an approach to knowledge that I shall call simple conversational contextualism or SCC for short. Proponents of SCC think that it offers an illuminating account of both why scepti- cism is wrong and why arguments for scepticism are so intuitively appealing. I have my doubts.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   37 citations  
  23.  59
    Practice of common ethical standards in the field of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China.Qin An, Xiubin Lin, Zhiqin Sang & Mingyi Qian - 2023 - Ethics and Behavior 33 (3):183-192.
    This paper will first introduce the development of professional ethics of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China. Ethical awareness is often limited due to variations in training experiences. Aligning with ethics codes can also bring challenges due to nuances within Chinese culture. Furthermore, the authors discuss the ethical challenges regarding the principles of multiple relationships, informed consent, and confidentiality in the context of Chinese culture. These ethical issues are often discussed within an individualistic cultural frame and presentation from a collectivist (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  24.  26
    Debating diversity: a commentary on Standards of practice in empirical bioethics research.Stacy M. Carter - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):67.
    This article provides a commentary on Standards of practice in empirical bioethics research by Ives and colleagues. There is much to admire in the paper, and in the demanding consensus-building process on which it reports. I discuss the problems and limits of methodological standardisation, and a central conceptual tension that appears to have divided participants. I suggest that the finished product should be understood as a record of a methodological conversation, rather than being used as a disciplinary tool to (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  25.  23
    Time for Federal Standards on Death Determination: The National Determination of Death Act.Thaddeus Mason Pope - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (1):111-113.
    Ariane Lewis offers a comprehensive and expert review of ethical issues raised by brain death in the United Kingdom and how they compare to management of those issues in the United States (Lewis 20...
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  26.  23
    Judging Others by Your Own Standards: Attractiveness of Primate Faces as Seen by Human Respondents.Silvie Rádlová, Eva Landová & Daniel Frynta - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:418336.
    The aspects of facial attractiveness have been widely studied, especially within the context of evolutionary psychology, which proposes that aesthetic judgements of human faces are shaped by biologically based standards of beauty reflecting the mate quality. However, the faces of primates, who are very similar to us yet still considered non-human, remain neglected. In this paper, we aimed to study the facial attractiveness of non-human primates as judged by human respondents. We asked 286 Czech respondents to score photos of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  38
    A Cross-Sectional Examination of International Competency Standards.Patty Kuo & Mark M. Leach - 2017 - Ethics and Behavior 27 (7):562-581.
    The evaluation of competency in the field of psychology has gained international attention in recent years. Focusing on international competencies can promote high standards of care and identify common values of the profession. However, there is little research regarding international perceptions of competency. Examining ethics codes from different countries can highlight international standards of competent practice, as ethics codes outline professional expectations of the field. The current study compared the ethics standards found in 47 codes of ethics (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  28.  59
    Autonomy and cultural practices: The risk of double standards.Anna Elisabetta Galeotti - 2015 - European Journal of Political Theory 14 (3):277-296.
    The paper questions the view that the alleged lack of autonomy displayed by certain practices and cultural behavior may constitute a sound justification for limiting toleration of those practices. Not only is the concept of autonomy open to endless controversy, but it also entails a conflict with liberal public morality and often nurtures double standards. To this end, the paper first examines the assumptions and basis of the lack-of-autonomy approach; this analysis perforce leads the author to unravel the notion (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  29.  34
    Freedom as Non‐Domination, Standards and the Negotiated Curriculum.Neil Hopkins - 2015 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 49 (4):607-618.
    This article investigates the application of Philip Pettit's concept of freedom as non-domination to the issues of educational standards and the negotiated curriculum. The article will argue that freedom as non-domination shines a critical light on governmental practice in England over the past two decades. Joshua Cohen's proposal of an ideal deliberative procedure is offered as a potential mechanism for the facilitation of debating contestations between stakeholders over the curriculum. Cohen places particular importance on the participants being ‘formally and (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  30.  35
    Do Auditing and Reporting Standards Affect Firms’ Ethical Behaviours? The Moderating Role of National Culture.Yasemin Zengin Karaibrahimoglu & Burcu Guneri Cangarli - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 139 (1):55-75.
    This paper aims to examine the impact of national cultural values on the relation between auditing and reporting standards and ethical behaviours of firms. Based on a regression analysis using data regarding 54 countries between the years 2007 and 2012, we found that the impact of the perceived strength of auditing and reporting standards on the perceived ethical behaviours of firms is accentuated when a society is characterized by low power distance and in-group collectivism, and high institutional collectivism, (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  31.  76
    (1 other version)The limits of corporate responsibility standards.Andreas Rasche - 2010 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 19 (3):280-291.
    I explore the limits of corporate responsibility standards – for example Social Accountability 8000 (SA 8000), the Global Reporting Initiative, the Fair Labor Association workplace code – by looking at these initiatives through Derrida's aporias of justice as set out in 'Force of Law: The "Mystical Foundation of Authority"'. Based on a discussion of SA 8000, I uncover the unavoidable aporias that are associated with the use of this standard. I contribute to the literature on corporate responsibility standards (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   23 citations  
  32.  71
    Living Standards and Capabilities: Equal Values or Equal Sets?Marc Fleurbaey - 2007 - Analyse & Kritik 29 (2):226-234.
    Inspired by Gaertner and Xu (2006), this paper examines the possibility to construct a social ordering over distributions of capability sets, and a measure of the value of individual capability sets, such that perfect equality of sets, across individuals, is preferable to a simple equality of the value of sets. It is shown that this is a rather demanding requirement.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33.  20
    Against Multiplying Clinical Ethics Standards without Necessity: The Case for Parsimony in Evaluating Decision-making Capacity.Jeremy R. Garrett, John C. Moskop & J. Clint Parker - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (11):87-89.
    Decision-making capacity (DMC) is, in many ways, a central organizing concept of modern health care ethics. Patients with DMC have the moral—if not always the legal—authority to make all manner of...
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  34.  30
    Leveraging Reputational Risk: Sustainable Sourcing Campaigns for Improving Labour Standards in Production Networks.Chris F. Wright - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 137 (1):195-210.
    Ethical or ‘socially sustainable’ sourcing mechanisms mandating labour standards among the suppliers and subcontractors that organisations source goods and services from are becoming more common. The issue of how labour activist groups such as trade unions can encourage organisations to adopt and strengthen these mechanisms within domestic production networks is largely unexplored. Using three cases of domestic sustainable sourcing campaigns developed by unions in Britain, the strategies used by labour activists, the characteristics of the organisations targeted and the motivations (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  35.  45
    Eliminating Categorical Exclusion Criteria in Crisis Standards of Care Frameworks.Catherine L. Auriemma, Ashli M. Molinero, Amy J. Houtrow, Govind Persad, Douglas B. White & Scott D. Halpern - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):28-36.
    During public health crises including the COVID-19 pandemic, resource scarcity and contagion risks may require health systems to shift—to some degree—from a usual clinical ethic, focused on the well-being of individual patients, to a public health ethic, focused on population health. Many triage policies exist that fall under the legal protections afforded by “crisis standards of care,” but they have key differences. We critically appraise one of the most fundamental differences among policies, namely the use of criteria to categorically (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  36.  20
    The University of California Crisis Standards of Care: Public Reasoning for Socially Responsible Medicine.Alex Rajczi, Judith Daar, Aaron Kheriaty & Cyrus Dastur - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (5):30-41.
    Hastings Center Report, Volume 51, Issue 5, Page 30-41, September‐October 2021.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  37.  22
    Ethics Standards (HRPP) and Public Partnership (PARTAKE) to Address Clinical Research Concerns in India: Moving Toward Ethical, Responsible, Culturally Sensitive, and Community-Engaging Clinical Research.Yogendra KGupta Nalin Mehta - 2014 - Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics 5 (5).
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38.  55
    Assessment criteria or standards of proof? An effort in clarification.Giovanni Tuzet - 2020 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 28 (1):91-109.
    The paper provides a conceptual distinction between evidence assessment criteria and standards of proof. Evidence must be assessed in order to check whether it satisfies a relevant standard of proof, and the assessment is operated with some criterion; so both criteria and standards are necessary for fact-finding. In addition to this conceptual point, the article addresses three main questions: Why do some scholars and decision-makers take assessment criteria as standards of proof and vice versa? Why do systems (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  39. Supergrading: how diverse standards can improve collective performance in ranking tasks.Michael Morreau - 2020 - Theory and Decision 88 (4):541-565.
    The method of supergrading is introduced for deriving a ranking of items from scores or grades awarded by several people. Individual inputs may come in different languages of grades. Diversity in grading standards is an advantage, enabling rankings derived by this method to separate more items from one another. A framework is introduced for studying grading on the basis of observations. Measures of accuracy, reliability and discrimination are developed within this framework. Ability in grading is characterized for individuals and (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40.  39
    How Good Is “Good Enough”? The Case for Varying Standards of Evidence According to Need for New Interventions in HIV Prevention.Bridget Haire, John Kaldor & Christopher Fc Jordens - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (6):21-30.
    In 2010, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of two different biomedical strategies to prevent HIV infection had positive findings. However, despite ongoing very high levels of HIV infection in some countries and population groups, it has been made clear by regulatory authorities that the evidence remains insufficient to support either product being made available outside of research contexts in the developing world for at least two years. In addition, prevention trials in endemic areas will continue to test new interventions against placebo. (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  41.  53
    Software engineering standards for epidemiological models.Jack K. Horner & John F. Symons - 2020 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 42 (4):1-24.
    There are many tangled normative and technical questions involved in evaluating the quality of software used in epidemiological simulations. In this paper we answer some of these questions and offer practical guidance to practitioners, funders, scientific journals, and consumers of epidemiological research. The heart of our paper is a case study of the Imperial College London covid-19 simulator, set in the context of recent work in epistemology of simulation and philosophy of epidemiology.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  42.  53
    Globalization, Corporate Practice and Cosmopolitan Social Standards.David Held - 2002 - Contemporary Political Theory 1 (1):59-78.
    The article explores some of the theoretical and political issues which underpin the current conflict over the accountability of the global economic order. The article develops in five parts, starting with an initial section on the changing nature and form of globalization and ending with an account of how markets and business activities can be reframed. The focus is on the emergence of a number of cosmopolitan social standards which are embedded in human rights regimes and other international legal (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  43.  23
    Questioning Impact: A Cross-Disciplinary Review of Certification Standards for Sustainability.Joep Cornelissen, Andreas Rasche, Mirjam D. Werner & Sylke F. Jellema - 2022 - Business and Society 61 (5):1042-1082.
    This article provides a review of scholarly approaches to assessing the impact of certification standards for sustainability. While we observe that some theoretical advances have afforded a better understanding of the potential impacts of adopting such standards, we also find that progress has been constrained due to a strong emphasis on assessing impact via linear causal pathways. This linear focus on the net effects for single stakeholders, such as farmers and producers, local communities and ecosystems, falls short of (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  44.  48
    Standards of Evidence in Anthropological Reasoning.Merrilee H. Salmon - 1996 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 34 (S1):129-145.
  45.  59
    Respecting Disability Rights — Toward Improved Crisis Standards of Care.Michelle M. Mello, Govind Persad & Douglas B. White - 2020 - New England Journal of Medicine (5):DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2011997.
    We propose six guideposts that states and hospitals should follow to respect disability rights when designing policies for the allocation of scarce, lifesaving medical treatments. Four relate to criteria for decisions. First, do not use categorical exclusions, especially ones based on disability or diagnosis. Second, do not use perceived quality of life. Third, use hospital survival and near-term prognosis (e.g., death expected within a few years despite treatment) but not long-term life expectancy. Fourth, when patients who use ventilators in their (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  46.  53
    Compassion Versus Competitiveness: An Industrial Relations Perspective on the Impact of Globalization on the Standards of Employee Relations Ethics in the United States.Charles Cambridge - 2001 - Ethics and Behavior 11 (1):87-103.
    This article reviews the globalization process and how it impacts the standards of employee relations ethics in the United States. John Dunlop's industrial relations systems framework is employed to assess how the globalization process has altered the ideology that binds the industrial relations system together and the body of rules created to govern behavior in the workplace and work community. I discuss how globalization has altered the context of industrial relations systems around the world and analyze the consequences of (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  52
    By the Standards of Their Day.Nicholas Rescher - 2003 - The Monist 86 (3):469-480.
    How far do our ethical and evaluative standards reach across the divides of space and time? Can we appropriately judge people remote from our own setting by the criteria we would apply locally? Do our norms project across spatiotemporal distance to apply to them as well?
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  48.  57
    Let’s talk about standards: a commentary on standards of practice in empirical bioethics.Alan Cribb - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):69.
    This commentary welcomes the work of Ives et al. on Standards of practice in Empirical Bioethics, and especially the dialogical spirit in which the standards have been constructed and offered. It also raises some questions about the consistent interpretation and use of such standards.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  49. HIV prevention research and global inequality: steps towards improved standards of care.K. Shapiro - 2005 - Journal of Medical Ethics 31 (1):39-47.
    Next SectionIntensification of poverty and degradation of health infrastructure over recent decades in countries most affected by HIV/AIDS present formidable challenges to clinical research. This paper addresses the overall standard of health care (SOC) that should be provided to research participants in developing countries, rather than the narrow definition of SOC that has characterised the international debate on standards of health care. It argues that contributing to sustainable improvements in health by progressively ratcheting the standard of care upwards for (...)
    Direct download (10 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  50.  2
    The Influence of Tuition Fees, The Effectiveness of the Educational and Administrative Staff, and the Aspiration for High-Level Universities in the Future on the Choice of Private Schools in Saudi Arabia: The Moderating Effect of Accreditation Standards.Mesfer Ahmed Mesfer Alwadai - forthcoming - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:1098-1115.
    This study aims to examine the effect of tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, and the aspiration for high-level universities in the future on the choice of private schools in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, examining the moderating effect of accreditation standards on the relationship between tuition fees, the effectiveness of the educational and administrative staff, the aspiration for high-level universities in the future, and the choice of private schools in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 975