Adam Smith et l'idée d'une science morale

Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 190 (4):407 - 421 (2000)
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Abstract

L'intention de cet article est d'examiner si la Théorie des sentiments moraux peut fournir la definition d'une science morale. La methode de composition de l'ouvrage consiste en une généalogie qui, allant du simple au complexe, proportionne les effets aux causes par le moyen d'un opérateur : la sympathie. Le résultat est double : certes, une science des passions rapportées aux situations ; mais aussi, grâce à la distinction entre l'acteur et le spectateur, une science de la valeur (la convenance). On souligne pour finir le caractère moniste et complet de cette théorie. The aim of this paper is to study the Theory of Moral Sentiments : does this book provide us with the definition of a moral science ? What is the method of such a science ? In his hypothetical and genetic explanation of morals. Smith turns effects proportional to causes by means of an operator i. e. sympathy. Thus he gives us not only a science of passions and situations, but also, with the distinction between the actor and the spectator, a science of values. In order to conclude, one stresses the total and monistic character of such a theory.

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