Abstract

Against the background of recent developments related to escalation of the conflct around Ukraine today is a very relevant question of geopolitics, which is a key indicator of the manifestation of the behavior of the international arena. In the establishment of a new world order in which take part mainly major powers, Russia has resorted to the old instruments of defending its foreign policy interests that were relevant during the Cold War. In this regard, experts argue that the capture territories more powerful states are archaic type of geopolitics, which does not correspond to the foreign policy of states in the XXI century. In case actualized in historical justifiation return to the state it an appropriate place in a multipolar world. In particular, Russian historians once again appealed to the terminology such as «Moscow the Third Rome». The basis of the current and previous geopolitical discourses and ideologies assigned geographical position of Russia as a precondition for the effects on neighboring states. Paradigm Pan-Slavism became one of the fist areas of theoretical and methodological study of geopolitical dominance in Eastern Europe and Eurasia region through the unifiation of all Slavic lands under the hegemony of Russia. The basic idea of this ideology was to create a Slavic federation based on ethnic cultural and linguistic community of Slavic nations under the auspices of the Orthodox Russia. The idea of Pan-Slavism was intended to be an alternative Pan-Germanism, which also advocated the unifiation of all German lands and peoples under the hegemony of Prussia. Another key theoretical direction in shaping Russian geopolitical strategy was Eurasianism. Sprouts Eurasianism as ideological currents and geopolitical doctrine appeared in the fist half. Nineteenth century. Its representatives have become known Russian writers and philosophers, such as G. Vernadsky, N. Alekseev, V. Ilyin, L. Karsavina, D. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, S. Frank, N. Troubetzkoy, P. Sawicki, G. Florovsky P. Suvchynskyy, L. Shestov, N. Berdyaev and others. The central problem was to fid Eurasian economic and political development related to its special geographical location and the location between East and West between Europe and Asia. Also Eurasian nations, according to representatives of the current, is a kind of fusion, which incorporates the tradition as Europe and Asia and from this created a distinctive culture of passionate.