Abstract

This chapter compares the principal machinery used in the Mexican mines during two different periods: the Spanish colonial time, from the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, and the initiation of the Industrial Revolution. Mining and metallurgical processes drastically changed from wood and animal power to steel and steam engines in a few years. The changes were more than only material and power; they implied new organizations, technical development, and skills. During the colonial period, machines and metallurgical processes were locally developed, and the working organization depended on intense labor activities and animal power. During the steel period, influenced by the Industrial Revolution, production significantly increased due to better machines, the use of explosives, and improvements in transportation systems. This chapter contributes to disseminating the evolution of technology, comparing the technological transformation of machines and mechanisms and their relation to other factors such as commerce and social development.