Abstract

Urban environments increasingly contend with the compounding challenges of population growth, traffic-related emissions, and climate change. Addressing these issues, a recent study by Łowicki, Fornal-Pieniak, and Schwerk (2025) investigates the ecosystem services (ESs) provided by urban greenery in the city of Poznań, Poland—specifically focusing on noise attenuation, air pollutant filtration, and temperature reduction. Notably, the study incorporates both biophysical and social dimensions of demand, offering a more comprehensive framework for guiding urban planning.