The growing body of literature on the idea of the Anthropocene has opened up serious questions that go to the heart of the social and human sciences. There has been as yet no satisfactory theoretical framework for the analysis of the Anthropocene debate in the social and human sciences. The notion of the Anthropocene is not only a condition in which humans have become geologic agents, thus signalling a temporal shift in Earth history: it can be seen as a new (...) object of knowledge and an order of governance. A promising direction for theorizing in the social and human science is to approach the notion of the Anthropocene as exemplified in new knowledge practices that have implications for governance. It invokes new conceptions of time, agency, knowledge and governance. The Anthropocene has become a way in which the human world is re-imagined culturally and politically in terms of its relation with the Earth. It entails a cultural model, that is an interpretative category by which contemporary societies make sense of the world as embedded in the Earth, and articulate a new kind of historical self-understanding, by which an alternative order of governance is projected. This points in the direction of cosmopolitics – and thus of a ‘Cosmopolocene’ – rather than a geologization of the social or in the post-humanist philosophy, the end of the human condition as one marked by agency. (shrink)

Turing was an exceptional mathematician with a peculiar and fascinating personality and yet he remains largely unknown. In fact, he might be considered the father of the von Neumann architecture computer and the pioneer of Artificial Intelligence. And all thanks to his machines; both those that Church called “Turing machines” and the a-, c-, o-, unorganized- and p-machines, which gave rise to evolutionary computations and genetic programming as well as connectionism and learning. This paper looks at all of these and (...) at why he is such an often overlooked and misunderstood figure. (shrink)

A novidade do Deus cristão apresentado por Jesus Cristo é a Trindade. Sem contradizer o monoteísmo judeu, a reflexão para formulação dogmática se estendeu por quatro séculos. Sucessivamente, a Trindade foi tema esquecido na Igreja por 1.600 anos. Sua importância está sendo redescoberta não somente na liturgia, mas, também, na vida e na reflexão eclesial. A unidade no amor dos Três distintos, Pai, Filho e Espírito Santo, estimula a espiritualidade e a vivência do cristão de hoje. Para tanto, é necessário (...) o auxílio das ciências humanas, que permitem a atualização da linguagem do dogma sem a perda do seu conteúdo fundamental. A reflexão do teólogo napolitano Bruno Forte dá uma grande contribuição para a teologia atual, respeitando a formulação dogmática e, ao mesmo tempo, buscando categorias e linguagens apropriadas para a compreensão do homem contemporâneo. A Trindade de Deus tem algo importante a dizer para o ser humano de hoje a respeito de si mesmo, pois que feito “à imagem e semelhança de Deus” (Gn 2, 26). Palavras-chave : Trindade. Pai. Filho. Espírito Santo. Amor.The Holy Trinity is the novelty of God presented by Jesus Christ. Without contradicting Jewish monotheism, the reflection for a dogmatic formulation lasted for four centuries. Subsequently, the issue of the trinity was forgotten in the Church for 1,600 years. The importance of this issue is currently being rediscovered not only in the liturgy but also in life and ecclesial reflection. The unity in love on the part of the three distinct persons, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, stimulates spirituality and experience of the Christians today. To do so, one needs the assistance of the humanities that allow the update of the dogma of language without losing its essential content. The reflection of the Neapolitan theologian Bruno Forte is of great value to the current theology because it respects the dogmatic formulation and also uses categories and languages appropriate to an understanding of contemporary man. The Trinity of God has something important to say about the man himself because man was created as God’s image. (Gn 2,26). Keywords : Trinity. Father. Son. Holy Spirit. Love. (shrink)

Agustín Rivera publicó en 1887 Filosofía en la Nueva España, obra muy crítica de la filosofía y la ciencia novohispanas. Agustín de la Rosa contestó defensivamente con La instrucción en México durante su dependencia de España (1888). El presente libro ofrece amplio detalle de esa polémica, hasta en los aspectos de técnica de la discusión, y es sin duda de utilidad. Sobre el tema recordamos también Dos ideas sobre la filosofía en la Nueva España (1959) de Juan Hernández Luna, reseñada (...) en HLAS 22:5836, y extrañamente omitida en la bibliografía de la obra que comentamos"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to think about a set of different issues in relation to Marx’s philosophy on the light of the experience of Paris Commune. More specifically, I would like to point out that Marx’s experience facing the Commune could be constituted as a revealing indicator of some of the most significant outlines of his philosophy. Firstly, I am proposing an analysis of the letter from Marx to Ruge in Kreuznach with the purpose of thinking over young Marx’s (...) revolution idea by identifying two critical aspects that modify and project it transformed towards the Commune. In second place, I present a re-reading of The Civil War in France crossed by an internal disjunction between the scientific, political and philosophical words that are present in Marx, but that resist to be reappropriated in a single speech. (shrink)

This edited volume, aimed at both students and researchers in philosophy, mathematics and history of science, highlights leading developments in the overlapping areas of philosophy and the history of modern mathematics. It is a coherent, wide ranging account of how a number of topics in the philosophy of mathematics must be reconsidered in the light of the latest historical research and how a number of historical accounts can be deepened by embracing philosophical questions.

De manera inmediata y tradicional pensamos que hablar sobre política exige forzosamente ligarla a la idea de conflicto. Si bien es cierto que el carácter político marca ciertos modos de habitar el mundo, también es relevante aclarar que, a partir del concepto que tengamos de política, podremos darnos cuenta de si la idea de conflicto es inherente a esta o si la política puede ser pensada desde otro horizonte. Hans-Georg Gadamer nos ofrece una serie de reflexiones hermenéuticas en torno al (...) lenguaje y al diálogo; a partir de allí, intentamos atisbar un concepto de política no solo inherente al conflicto, sino también a su parte medular como lo es el diálogo prudente. Pensar en una política dentro del marco de un horizonte dialógico nos permite arrojar luz a problemas particulares que nos aquejan hoy, los cuales nos interpelan a pensar y repensarlos para comprender por qué hemos llegado a ser lo que somos. (shrink)

El sistema agro-industrial-alimentario de Argentina, en el actual contexto de globalización económica, está signado desde algunas décadas ya, por el despliegue de un patrón de acumulación capitalista denominado como agronegocios . Se trata de un proceso, de transformación multidimensional y multiescalar, que presenta rupturas y continuidades con la expansión del anterior modelo de la agroindustria orientado al mercado interno a partir de regulaciones estatales. Según nuestras investigaciones desde la Comunidad de Estudios Campesinos (CEC) pudimos identificar cinco dispositivos según los cuales (...) el agronegocio se territorializa: económico-financiero, jurídico-normativo y de políticas públicas, legitimación ideológica, formación y desarrollo tecnológico, coercitivo (CEC, 2009). Nos interesa abonar a la caracterización del despliegue del último de los dispositivos del agronegocio: el de la violencia. En esta oportunidad presentamos un análisis del conjunto de los asesinatos o muertes de campesinos e indígenas en conflictos de tierra en Argentina, desde la desregulación económica hasta la actualidad. En este sentido nos proponemos indagar el significado de la violencia sobre los cuerpos de campesinos/as e indígenas que registramos desde 1991. Nuestra hipótesis se orienta a explicar la vinculación entre la violencia rural y la desterritorialización de la emergente intencionalidad campesina. (shrink)

El ideal del arte suele entenderse como un arte ejemplar que se destaca en una historia del arte de concepción formalista, o como el arte que responde a la concepción programática de una estética normativa. La concepción de Hegel es distinta; en ella no hay la exigencia en un sentido enfático de condiciones ideales, ni del arte ni para el arte, sino que de acuerdo con su concepción del ideal, que no es otra cosa que la idea o lo verdadero (...) en la historia y sus realidades, el ideal del arte es el arte mismo cumpliendo esta tarea de realización. Ello lo consigue en el medio de la intuición y en relación con la cultura de la sensibilidad, cuyas demandas para el arte se transforman de acuerdo con la mentalidad que le va dando el sello a la cultura en general. Acorde con esta idea, el esfuerzo del arte no consiste tanto en sensibilizar la idea, cuanto en elevar lo sensible a apariencia. Esta concepción queda ejemplifi cada en la forma cómo Hegel aborda la pintura en sus Lecciones. El artículo conlleva una crítica a la interpretación usual de Hegel como clasicista, e intenta mostrar el potencial de su teoría para la actualidad. (shrink)

Progress in precision medicine is being achieved through the design of clinical trials that use genetic biomarkers to guide stratification of patients and assignation to treatment or control groups. Genetic analysis of biomarkers is, therefore, essential to complete their objectives, and this involves the study of biological samples from donor patients that have been recruited according to criteria previously established in the design of the clinical trial. Nevertheless, it is becoming very common that, in the solicitation of biological samples, purposes (...) that are beyond the objectives of the stated therapeutic trial research are introduced, like the development of ill-explained exploratory studies or the use in unspecified future research. In the digital era, the sequencing of patients’ DNA needs to be considered as a serious security matter, not only for the patients, but also for their relatives. Genetic information may be easily stored, even forever, in digital files. This engenders a permanent risk of being stolen or misused in many ways. Furthermore, re-identification of sample donors is technically feasible through their genetic data. For these reasons, genetic analysis of samples collected in clinical trials should be restricted to the accomplishment of their main objectives or well justified goals. (shrink)

La carta Placuit Deo es un documento preciso e iluminador para presentar una comprensión cristiana de la salvación. Se destacan sólo algunos aspectos, pero se explican en un conjunto que ofrece el esquema fundamental para una soteriología. En el documento aparecen contenidos básicos y criterios orientativos para una reflexión sobre la salvación.

Neste artigo argumentamos que os temas da ação e da história presentes em alguns contos de Jorge Luis Borges antecipam alguns pontos que apareceram nas discussões pós-estruturalistas - nos campos da história, filosofia, antropologia - das últimas décadas do século XX. No seu labirinto literário-filosófico, especialmente por meio da ideia de destino, Borges explora elementos chave que se tornaram parte da noção de crítica que enfatiza as ideias de contingência e da impossibilidade de controle deliberado dos efeitos da ação humana (...) em seu curso temporal. It is argued in this paper that the themes action and history present in some of Jorge Luis Borges's short stories have anticipated certain aspects of the post-structuralist debates - on history, philosophy, and anthropology - in the last decades of the twentieth century. In his literary and philosophical labyrinth, especially through the idea of destiny, Borges explores key elements that became part of the notion of critique that emphasize the idea of contingency and the impossibility of deliberated control of the effects of human action in its temporal course. (shrink)

El análisis de los sesgos de género en ciencia ha dado lugar a una revisión crítica del conocimiento científico y a un cuestionamiento en profundidad del modelo de ciencia existente. Lo que, a su vez, da paso al interés por investigar en torno a las claves epistémicas que harían posible una ciencia no sexista, racista o clasista, fraguando un debate epistemológico de gran alcance.Las pretensiones de estas epistemologías son, principalmente, mostrar que los valores contextuales, es decir, los considerados no cognitivos, (...) influyen en la ciencia, en las metáforas científicas, el lenguaje utilizado, los procesos y métodos de investigación, y en los conocimientos. En esta comunicación se abordará principalmente el tema de la Ciencia Sostenible como alternativa a la denominada ciencia tradicional, y también como disyuntiva a la denominada ciencia feminista. Las posturas que confluyen son las de tres autoras: D. Haraway, S. Harding y Londa Schiebinger. Las cuales, en conjunto, dan lugar a una actividad práctica en ciencia, además de a una forma de mirar diferente, que intenta elaborar propuestas novedosas para la mejora del quehacer científico. (shrink)

La Educación Sensible es ayuda para que el “yo” habite en su “hogar interior” y crezca hacia su “apoteosis original” en el “nosotros”, donde se hace cocreador de belleza con libertad, sabiduría y amor. La educación sensible es pedagogía no invasiva pero radicalmente exigente para que la persona acepte desplegar su versión original y vivir con gozo en un “nosotros-maduro”. No es una pedagogía que protege a los sensibles; es una educación que atiende a todas las personas, independientemente de su (...) grado de sensibilidad: alta, media o baja (como intervalos comunes que se manejan en las ciencias de la sensibilidad). La sensibilidad personal es capaz de captar la propia originalidad y disponerse para interpretarla en los dos sentidos: comprenderla y actuarla. La sensibilidad humana necesita la educación sensible para que sea punto de partida de un desarrollo personal auténtico y pleno de la propia originalidad que es alterada y altera la de los “yoes” con quien habita la existencia formando “nosotros”, que a su vez, se impactan con interdependencia. Además de al “yo”, la educación sensible se orienta al “nosotros”, que será tanto más “sensible” en la medida que altera la intimidad de la persona con “amor-maduro” que es fuente de gozo, a pesar de los pesares. Sin educación sensible la vida daña y cuanta mayor es la sensibilidad de la persona, mayor es el daño, pero también es mayor la capacidad para detectarlo cicatrizarlo y ayudar a otros con educación sensible. Así, la educación sensible se manifiesta de tres maneras: como acción sanadora de la persona, destrucción creadora para evolucionar en el tiempo, como la crisálida se transforma en mariposa, y acción desarrollante del propio potencial con originalidad. (shrink)

The multiobjective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis method captures diverse features such as the criteria and alternatives of appraising a multiple criteria decision-making problem. At the same time, the multiple criteria problem includes a set of decision makers with diverse expertise and preferences. In fact, the literature lists numerous approaches to aid in this problematic task of choosing the best alternative. Nevertheless, in the MCDM field, there is a challenge regarding intangible information which is commonly involved in multiple (...) criteria decision-making problem; hence, it is substantial in order to advance beyond the research related to this field. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a fused method between multiobjective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis and Pythagorean fuzzy sets for the choice of an alternative. Besides, multiobjective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis is utilized to choose the best alternatives. Finally, two decision-making problems are applied to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method. (shrink)

In the present article we approach different critical interpretations of the figure and the work of the intellectual. We start with Lyotard’s analysis of the decline of universalist parameters and the consequent disappearance of the figure of the classical intellectual. Next, we analyze the description of this figure made by Foucault and Blanchot, of which they defend its validity. These two authors explore the labour of the intellectual from a different perspective than the prescriptive, universalist and liberating discourses that characterized (...) it for a certain time. Proposing in this way a remarkable shift in the way of understanding the intellectual commitment, both bet on the affirmation of some practices without any programmatic theoretical anticipation, which will demand an exposure and alteration of the subject, where knowledge will no longer be safeguard, foundation or orientation. (shrink)

Purpose Given the considerable challenges posed by disinformation to both society and journalism, how do news media outlets in Hispanic America and Spain address this pervasive global phenomenon? The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which these outlets embrace recommendations from academic, professional and institutional spheres for countering false contents. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative content analysis was used using variables linked to transparency, verification and potential errors incurred. This study comprehensively analyses the ethical codes of 34 digital (...) native outlets spanning 12 Hispanic American countries (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), as well as Spain. Findings The key findings reveal significant variations in adherence to the recommended guidelines. Particularly striking is the disparity between compliance with transparency and verification compared to notably higher adherence to measure aimed at rectifying errors. This exploratory study paves the way for further research on additional countries. Originality/value Ethical codes are a fundamental instrument of media accountability. Nevertheless, their utility in the fight against misinformation has barely been addressed. This study is pioneering in the field of disinformation and ethical codes within digital native media outlets in Hispanic America and Spain. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Teens live in a complicated world. They are constantly bombarded by messages from their friends, parents, teachers, the internet, and their churches, and not all of these messages agree or line up with each other. How do students figure out who to listen to? How do they figure out what is true? Inklings on Philosophy and Worldview will show teens practical ways to filter out the wrong messages and focus on what is real. Using teachings from highly respected, loved, and (...) well-known writers, teacher Matthew Dominguez will show teens the power of story as he guides them through a study of world religions, philosophies, and worldview, and gives them a firm foundation to stand on as they prepare to face the world. (shrink)

Este artículo reconstruye panorámicamente la posición de Agustín de Hipona con respecto a la filosofía en la obra De civitate Dei. Sostiene que la valoración y el reproche que le hace Agustín a los platonici descansan en último término en un concepto de filosofía tomado del mismo platonismo y reinterpretado según textos bíblicos que enfatizan la centralidad de la mediación y el culto para alcanzar la beata vita.

In post-Revolutionary Mexico, the Indian was conceptualized as a problem that needed to be solved. Indians were believed to be weighing down the nation and thought to constitute an obstacle for fulfilling its promised modern future. Thus, the scientific study of indigenous peoples in Mexico became, in the 1930s, a focus of anthropologists, physicians, and other experts, who sought to learn more about indigenous populations in order to solve this "problem." In this paper I explore how this "problem-solving" was practiced, (...) how and why particular groups of people were used as subjects of inquiry and intervention, how they were selected, and how they enabled the production of knowledge deemed useful to... (shrink)

RESUMEN La investigación científica constituye uno de los principios en los cuales se respalda la formación integral de los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas, por lo que los autores del presente texto se propusieron como objetivo exponer elementos de un plan de acciones establecido para reforzar los valores en los estudiantes de ciencias médicas centrado en la investigación científica utilizando un estudio de correlación en la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, de Santiago de Cuba en el (...) periodo de septiembre 2016 a abril 2017. Los principales resultaron arrojaron que el 100 % de los estudiantes reforzaron valores como humanismo, responsabilidad y sinceridad principalmente, a partir del cumplimiento de las tareas asignadas durante las investigaciones que realizaron a diferentes instancias, por lo que se concluye que este accionar podría constituir un eje integrador en el proceso de formación profesional. ABSTRACT Scientific research is one of the main principles which supports students’ all-round medical sciences training, therefore, the authors of this paper aim to present elements of an action plan which is established to strengthen values in medical sciences students through scientific research by means of a correlation study in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba from September 2016 to April 2017. The main results showed that 100 % of students strengthened values such as humanism, responsibility and honesty from the carrying out of allocated tasks during researches done in different institutions. It is concluded that this method could become an all-round core in professionals training process. (shrink)

Al enfrentar el problema de los intrínsecos temporales, las posiciones dominantes asumen que el sujeto del cambio es un particular concreto, i.e., un objeto que instancia propiedades intrínsecas en una posición temporal determinada. Posiciones minoritarias niegan la existencia del sujeto del cambio o aceptan a este último como un particular concreto de carácter contradictorio. En este artículo argumento (i) que las soluciones en oferta son incapaces de hacer sentido de las cambiantes apariencias; (ii) que esta incapacidad radica precisamente en una (...) deficiente comprensión del sujeto del cambio; y (iii) que una comprensión del sujeto del cambio basada en un esquema categorial más tolerante sí nos permite hacer mejor sentido de ellas. Bajo este esquema, de raíces idealistas, el sujeto del cambio debe ser entendido como un “universal concreto”. (shrink)

However diverse and even conflicting definitions of world literature may be, there is a consensus in previous scholarship about circulation as a key defining feature. Being circulation modeled and (in)validated by a corpus of statutes, rules, and regulations, the absence of a law-oriented approach to world literature appears completely contradictory. This essay is a first step toward a more sustained treatment of world literature and law. Here I claim that in the late 1830s the history of world literature as mastered (...) by the West started to change as a consequence of the first two international copyright laws in the world––the Prussian Statute of 11 June 1837 and the British Act of 31 July 1838. The Prussian law is discussed in relation to the evolution of the Collection of British Authors of the German firm Tauchnitz between 1841 and 1847 by paying special attention to the case of American writers. The British law, in turn, is discussed in relation to French piracies of works printed in the UK by focusing on Frances Trollope’s Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832). Both laws sowed the seeds of the 1886 Berne Convention, whereby a vast transcontinental geography with a population of over five hundred million people was created for the legal circulation of literary works. (shrink)

El objetivo de este texto es ofrecer una visión de la academia que vaya más allá de las dinámicas del capital, dando cuenta de la pertinencia de la filosofía dentro de las universidades. Para hacerlo, en primer lugar, situaremos nuestro contexto posterior a la muerte de Dios anunciada por Nietzsche. Con esto en mente, rescataremos los planteamientos de Heidegger en La autoafirmación de la Universidad alemana. Posteriormente, a la propuesta heideggeriana de la filosofía como eje de las disciplinas universitarias se (...) le dará un giro nietzscheano, integrando la jovialidad en su quehacer. A lo largo de todo el texto, con ayuda de algunos pensadores contemporáneos como Jean-Luc Nancy, Jacques Derrida, Stephen Melville e Iain Thomas, haremos entonces un llamado a la configuración de un tipo de filosofía en la actualidad que asuma el riesgo que comporta hacerse cargo de la existencia en su vaivén permanente, entre tragedia y comedia, entre razón y sinrazón. Finalmente, daremos cuenta de la forma en que el capital se apropia del sinsentido de la existencia, llenándolo con razones y medidas. Por lo tanto, concluiremos que sólo desde la multiplicidad de las voces en torno a estas cuestiones existenciales es que podremos hacer frente al actual sistema de mercado y su tendencia a co-optar todos nuestros saberes. (shrink)

En este artículo expondremos los elementos fundamentales del pensamiento teológico que estructura las enseñanzas sacerdotales de nuestro autor. Entraremos de lleno en lo que conforma la reflexión ministerial, partiendo del ser sacerdotal y aterrizando en el actuar, de la esencia a la existencia, de la ontología a la funcionalidad, de la sacramentalidad a la ministerialidad. De esta forma, nos adentraremos en su amplia y rica doctrina sacerdotal que expuso con admirable sabiduría en bien de la formación y acompañamiento de los (...) sacerdotes. (shrink)