Seminal work by Knobe, Prasada, and Newman (2013) distinguished a set of concepts, which they named “dual‐character concepts.” Unlike traditional concepts, they require two distinct criteria for determining category membership. For example, the prototypical dual‐character concept “artist” has both a concrete dimension of artistic skills, and an abstract dimension of aesthetic sensibility and values. Therefore, someone can be a good artist on the concrete dimension but not truly an artist on the abstract dimension. Does this analysis capture people's understanding of (...) cornerstone social categories, such as gender, around which society and everyday life have traditionally been organized? Gender, too, may be conceived as having not only a concrete dimension but also a distinct dimension of abstract norms and values. As with dual‐character concepts, violations of abstract norms and values may result in someone being judged as not truly a man/woman. Here, we provide the first empirical assessment of applying the dual‐character framework to people's conception of gender. We found that, on some measures that primarily relied on metalinguistic cues, gender concepts did indeed resemble dual‐character concepts. However, on other measures that depicted transgressions of traditional gender norms, neither “man” nor “woman” appeared dual‐character‐like, in that participants did not disqualify people from being truly a man or truly a woman. In a series of follow‐up studies, we examined whether moral norms have come to replace gender role norms for the abstract dimension. Implications for the evolution of concepts and categories are explored. (shrink)

从公元前624年(周襄王二十八年)起,至公元1945年止,中外著名哲学家和思想家的生卒年,著作和学术活动年代,确有记载的都尽量收入本年表,与哲学有关的历史事件与哲学邻近的其他学科的重大发现和重要思想家 及其著作也予收入。.

Feedback plays a crucial role in the writing processes. However, in the literature on foreign language writing, there is a dearth of studies that compare the effects of teacher feedback and automated feedback on both cognitive and psychological aspects of FL writing. To fill this gap, the current study compared the effects of teacher feedback and automated feedback on both revision quality and writing proficiency development, and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback in English writing among (...) English learners as an FL in China. It also investigated students’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the two types of feedback. The study adopted a mixed-methods design. The quantitative method collected the data through a pre-test and a post-test, which measured the participants’ English writing proficiency development; a writing task, which received either teacher feedback or automated feedback; and a close-ended questionnaire, which examined students’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback. The qualitative method collected the data through an open-ended questionnaire, which examined the participants’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of teacher feedback or automated feedback depending on the type of feedback they received. Chinese university EFLs in two English classes taught by the same English teacher participated in the study: one class received teacher feedback while the other received automated feedback using Pigaiwang. While the students in the two classes did not differ significantly on the pre-test of students’ writing proficiency, students who received teacher feedback scored significantly higher on revision than those who received automated feedback. Students in the teacher feedback class also had significantly higher ratings on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the feedback than those in the automated feedback class. However, students in the automated feedback class obtained significantly higher scores on the post-test of the writing proficiency. The qualitative results identified three themes of strengths and two themes of weaknesses for the teacher feedback and the automated feedback, respectively. The results suggest that while teacher feedback has a more positive effect on the psychological aspect of FL writing, automated feedback may be more effective in developing FL writing proficiency in the long run. (shrink)

In this article, we examine the empirical association between firm value and CSR engagement for firms in sinful industries, such as tobacco, gambling, and alcohol, as well as industries involved with emerging environmental, social, or ethical issues, i.e., weapon, oil, cement, and biotech. We develop and test three hypotheses, the window-dressing hypothesis, the value-enhancement hypothesis, and the value-irrelevance hypothesis. Using an extesive US sample from 1995 to 2009, we find that CSR engagement of firms in controversial industries positively affects firm (...) value after controlling for various firm characteristics. To address the potential endogeneity problem, we further estimate a system of equations and change regression and continue to find a positive relation between CSR engagement and firm value. Our findings support the value-enhancement hypothesis and are consistent with the premise that the top management of US firms in controversial industries, in general, considers social responsibility important even though their products are harmful to human being, society, or environment. (shrink)

This article examines the impact of traditional Chinese culture on organ donation from the perspective of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. In each of these cultural systems, it appears that there are some particular sayings or remarks that are often taken in modern Chinese society to be contrary to organ donation, especially cadaveric organ donation. However, this article argues that the central concerns of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism are “great love,” “ren,” and “dao,” which can be reasonably interpreted to support organ (...) donation. The author understands that each cultural system, in order to play its cultural function, must have its central concerns as well as relevant ritual practices (li) that incarnate its religious and ethical commitments. That is, each plays a general cultural role, which influences organ donation in particular not merely through abstract or general ethical principles and teachings, but through a combination of ethical teachings and the forming of particular ritual practices. This article contends that the primary reason Chinese individuals fail to donate sufficient cadaveric organs for transplantation is not because particular remarks or sayings from each of these systems appear to conflict with donation. Neither is it that the central concerns of these systems cannot support cadaveric donation. Rather, it is that modern Chinese individuals have failed to develop and secure relevant ritual practices that support the central concerns of organ transplantation. The article concludes that in order to promote more donations, there is a need to form relevant ritual practices supporting organ donation in conformity with the central concerns of these cultural systems. (shrink)

This study investigated the mediating roles of self-acceptance and self-esteem in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying, and tested the moderating effect of gender on the relationships. A sample of 374 college students and graduate students participated in the study. Results revealed that body image dissatisfaction positively associated with impulse buying; self-esteem plays a mediating role between body image dissatisfaction and impulsive buying; a serial indirect pathway emerged; the mediation path from self-acceptance to self-esteem was stronger for (...) female than that from male. The results underscore the importance of identifying the mechanisms that moderate the mediated path between body image dissatisfaction and impulse buying among students. These findings point to the potential implications about how to reduce impulse buying through improving body image satisfaction. (shrink)

This paper uses an innovative way to screen stocks and analyzes the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and long-run stock returns. By our definition, an environmentally responsible (green) company gives no environmental concern and shows environmental strength(s). Using 20 years’ data of 1992–2011, we find evidence that environmentally responsible company outperforms, in the 4th to 7th year after the screening year. An equal-weighted environmentally responsible portfolio earned an annual four-factor alpha of 4.06 % in the 4th year, 3.00 % above (...) industry benchmarks, and 3.87 % above characteristic benchmarks. The results are robust to alternative portfolio weighting methodologies, controlling for firm characteristics, and the removal of outliers. Testing using industry-adjusted Tobin’s Q, we find consistent evidence that environmental strength creates firm value. We argue that environmental responsibility is an intangible asset, likely to be undervalued by the market, especially in the long horizon, thereby causing environmentally responsible companies to exhibit long-horizon excess returns. (shrink)

Between the sense of self and the reality of self Content Type Journal Article Category Book Review Pages 113-118 DOI 10.1007/s11097-011-9234-y Authors Wenjing Cai, Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Njalsgade 140-142, 5th floor, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark Journal Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences Online ISSN 1572-8676 Print ISSN 1568-7759 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 1.

In Confucius Speaks, the teachings of the greatest sage of all time are vividly brought to life by the wonderfully endearing and humorous characters drawn by East Asia's most famous cartoonist, Tsai Chih Chung. Although readers everywhere are familiar with the name of Confucius, few have encountered his actual teachings in such an accessible manner. Illustrations throughout.

Ben shu shi cai yuan pei xian sheng guan yu gong min dao de xiu yang fang mian de dai biao zuo, Zhu yao shou lu ta zui wei zhong yao de dao de si xiang dai biao zuo pinzhong xue xiu shen jiao ke shu hehua gong xue xiao jiang yi, Bing shou lu cai yuan pei qi ta you guan dao de xiu yang de ling san wen zhang, Chong fen ti xian le cai yuan pei xian sheng (...) dui yu xian dai zhong guo ren ying ju you de dao de su yang de zong ti gou xiang. (shrink)

Many natural computational problems have input consisting of two or more parts, one of which may be considered a parameter. For example, there are many problems for which the input consists of a graph and a positive integer. A number of results are presented concerning parameterized problems that can be solved in complexity classes below P, given a single word of advice for each parameter value. Different ways in which the word of advice can be employed are considered, and it (...) is shown that the class FPT of tractable parameterized problems has interesting and natural internal structure. (shrink)

★熱銷超過十五萬冊《正是時候讀莊子》、《莊子，從心開始》、《穴道導引》作者蔡璧名最新作品 ★原典逐句白話漫畫圖文解說･鍊就投身滾滾紅塵人世間的勇氣 ★吳念真、吳淡如、李嗣涔、林麗真、陳怡蓁、鄧惠文 精彩推薦 日久未必見真情，倒一定會見人心 工作、生活、愛情、人際關係，在生命裏種種不得已的境遇中 讓中國經典《莊子》帶你 打開處人處群與用情的明燈 如何與人互動，能不傷人也不傷己 如何付出感情，能不傷心也不傷身 讓你懂人情、識百態、知人心。 ▎人生難成就圓滿，都周旋著人情 我們都想要個美好人生，公平均富，躋身人生勝利組，有人相伴。 但身處亂世，價值並非越辯越明，面對不可理喻之人的巨大身影，渺小如你、我，如何能免於人為禍患？如何看待自己天生的短處與乖舛的境遇？為何深愛之後總是傷？難道，要與世隔絕，才能保全一身？ 人，終究需群。但人情冷暖，世態炎涼。心身誰從不痛？生活哪能無傷？你我的難題，兩千多年前的經典《莊子》已經給予明白的解方。 ▎心愈靜定，身就愈輕靈 吸引兩岸三地慕名而來的臺大中文系蔡璧名老師，也是暢銷書《正是時候讀莊子》、《莊子，從心開始》與《穴道導引》作者，《正是時候讀莊子》從《莊子》內篇前三篇〈逍遙遊〉談樹立好人生目的，〈齊物論〉談知道此心紛 擾從來，明白此心紛擾何去。談〈養生主〉了解職業與學習用心之間的關係，道在技在、道進技進、道長技升的萬法歸一氣息。 本書延續《正是時候讀莊子》以漫畫重現經典原典的方式，全新繪製《莊子》內篇第四、五篇〈人間世〉、〈德充符〉兩篇，呈現莊子處人處群與用情的智慧，教你及早看清，籌謀對策，乘御人生順境逆境，在亂世不為世所亂， 愛得天長地久但不為情所傷，歷經淬煉的生命更臻圓滿。 ▎人在江湖，心亦能自由 面對難纏可惡之人、苛刻如虎的上司 莊子教「若一志」、「心齋」。不要涉險，但也不逃離，不委屈不強硬，將針砭是非的手指轉向自身，從徹底療癒自我開始。 渴望晉身人生勝利組，為成材而拼命 莊子教我們了解何謂「無用之用」，出頭鳥容易招來亂棒痛打，唯有強化保全心身能力，才足以對付亂世。 如何受歡迎、有魅力？ 莊子教「才全」、「德不形」，胸襟器度像平和如鏡的一汪大洋，澹靜面對，便能得上司、朋友、情人不自覺地喜歡、親近。 世人多為愛恨癡狂 莊子開發「無情」這劑免受情傷的疫苗，不困於過度的喜愛眷戀或討厭憎惡的情緒，心身才能無傷。 日久未必見真情，倒一定會見人心。 洞明世事、練達人情，從來不簡單。 古代的一陣清風，吹散現代人心頭的霧霾。 ——正是時候讀莊子！ 各界推薦 吳念真／導演 吳淡如／知名作家、主持人 李嗣涔／臺灣大學前校長 林麗真／臺灣大學中文系博碩士班指導教授 陳怡蓁／趨勢科技共同創辦人暨文化長 鄧惠文／榮格分析師、精神科醫師 (按姓氏筆劃排序) 重量推薦 「在忙碌而焦躁的狀態下，蔡璧名教授的書，無論是莊子的詮釋或她每一篇導讀式的文章，都讓我受益無窮。」—吳念真／導演 「我從書中讀到的不僅是歷史故事，更是人性，這對我當校長時的領導統御非常有幫助。經典必須現代化才能保有生命力，蔡教授的《莊子》系列書籍正演繹著更有生命力的現代《莊子》，這是一項偉大的歷史工程。」—李嗣涔 ／臺灣大學前校長 「我一手拿著璧名抗癌後身體仍有許多後遺症的診斷證明書，一手拿著她在如此艱難的身體狀況下所寫成的《正是時候讀莊子》，體會到書名中「正是時候」四個字對她的非凡意義。不簡單！真的不簡單！」—林麗真／臺灣大學 中文系博碩士班指導教授 「這本書，處處見到蔡教授的真心與用心。我每每被那畫面吸引，不能相信竟能把如是迂迴拗口的原文，用精簡的漫畫，加上信雅的白話解說，輕易就把人帶入遠古的莊子內心世界。妳真是莊子的傳人！」—陳怡蓁／趨勢科技共 同創辦人暨文化長.

This study aims to identify the influence of knowledge management practices on the entrepreneurial and organizational performance with the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities and moderating role of opportunity recognition. Data were gathered from 486 entrepreneurs and applied a structural equation model to test the hypotheses. We found that knowledge management practices have a positive and significant influence on dynamic capabilities, as well as have a significant impact on entrepreneurial and organizational performance. Moreover, results indicated that dynamic capabilities partially mediate (...) in the relationship between knowledge management practices on entrepreneurial and organizational performance. Furthermore, the relationship between knowledge management practices with entrepreneurial and organizational performance strengthening by opportunity recognition. Further, implications and limitations were discussed in the paper. (shrink)

This study investigated the role of entrepreneurial passion in recognition of opportunity, developing entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, in the shaping of entrepreneurial actions in the presence of proactive personality. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses on a sample of 346 university students from Jiangsu province, China. The output of the study showed that entrepreneurial passion positively and significantly influenced entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy to entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial behavior. The findings also showed (...) that a proactive personality positively and significantly moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior. (shrink)

BackgroundAging and type 2 diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for the development of cognitive deterioration and dementia. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of an exercise intervention on cognitive function in older T2DM patients.MethodsEight literature databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2022. The researchers examined randomized controlled trials that evaluated the impact of exercise on the cognitive performance of older T2DM patients. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess each study. (...) The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The mini-mental state examination, Modified MMSE, and Montreal cognitive assessment were used to evaluate the cognitive outcomes. We performed a subgroup analysis with stratification according to exercise intervention modality, duration, and cognitive impairment.ResultsFive trials were eligible, with a total of 738 T2DM patients. The combined findings revealed that exercise improved global cognitive function significantly. In the studies that were included, no relevant adverse events were reported.ConclusionExercise is beneficial in improving global cognitive function in older adults with T2DM. Studies with bigger sample sizes and higher quality are additionally expected to draw more definite conclusions.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42022296049]. (shrink)

本书记述了作者在前线和后方听到、经历过的凡人小事,以及《理解万岁》的讲演诞生的前前后后.