Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 22 Heft: 2 Seiten: 377-391.

Décrit par des lexicographes et représenté sur la céramique athénienne de l’époque classique, le jeu du porteur (ephedrismos) est une activité ludique qui demande un effort physique. L’étude de figurines en terre cuite qui évoquent des adolescentes en train de s’y affronter permet d’affirmer que les jeunes filles grecques n’étaient pas étrangères à ce type de jeu, tout en explorant la symbolique érotique que pouvait revêtir la représentation d’une telle action sur ces objets.

Cet article part du constat que la robotique humanoïde se mêle de notre sens kinesthésique. Il cherche donc à explorer une situation de mouvement partagé entre l’humain et le robot humanoïde. En postulant une certaine connaissance de l’autre par le mouvement, il s’agit d’envisager la possibilité d’une sensation de mouvement interne entre un humain et un robot. Cette interaction n’invite-t-elle pas à penser non pas l’entre-deux comme ce qui opposerait deux différences, mais plutôt comme l’espace d’une pratique? Réfléchir à l’entre-deux (...) humain/robot dans la situation de transmission du geste nous conduira à se demander ce qui vit entre ces deux corps, et ainsi à explorer les notions d’écart et de tension. This article assumes that humanoid robotics gets involved in our kinesthetic sense. It therefore seeks to explore a situation of motion shared between human and humanoid robot. Assuming some knowledge of the other by movement, it is considering the possibility of a feeling of internal movement between a human and a robot. Can we think the in-between space as a practice, and not as the opposition of two differences? Reflect about the inter-human/robot in the situation of transmission of the gesture lead us to wonder what lives between these two bodies and thus to explore the notions of gap and tension. (shrink)

Penser le « corps énergétique » et la danse revient à considérer cette réalité énergétique au sein du corps dansant, autant au niveau quantitatif que qualitatif. En danse, nous ne parlons pas exactement de « corps énergétique », mais principalement d’énergie déployée. Afin de comprendre le « corps énergétique » en danse, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux pratiques originales mettant en œuvre un jeu de question-réponse énergétique : le contact improvisation et le vol chorégraphique. Le corps énergétique apparaît au (...) fur et à mesure de la réflexion comme une métaphore désignant une triade nécessaire au déploiement d’un seul système, et c’est cette même triade que nous rencontrons à chaque fois que nous appréhendons la complexité du corps dansant. (shrink)

Σε μια ανασκόπηση των ιπποκρατικών μελετών, αξίζει να σημειωθούν οι νέες αναγνώσεις, διότι πρόκειται για μια πρώτης τάξεως πηγή με συνοχή στη χρονολογία (μέσα 5ου - μέσα 4ου αι. π.Χ.). Ωστόσο, ο κατάλογος των αγγείων που αναφέρονται στο Corpus αυτό δεν είναι ομοιογενής, εφόσον τα σχήματα τους ποικίλλουν ανάλογα με τη θεραπευτική ή τη διδακτική τους χρήση. Τα χρηστικά αγγεία, μεγαλύτερα στον αριθμό, ενδιαφέρουν κυρίως τους γιατρούς όταν πρόκειται για καθαρά θεραπευτική χρήση, πράγμα που εξηγεί τη σπανιότητα των αγγείων πόσεως (...) και τη μεγάλη αφθονία των αγγείων που χρησίμευαν για την ατμοθεραπεία, χύτρες αλλά και οικιακά σκεύη διαφόρων ειδών, με μεταλλαγμένη συχνά χρήση. Αλλά ο εμπειρισμός αυτός συνοδεύεται με αυστηρότητα (βλ. την εμμονή στα «νέα» αγγεία), όπως αποδεικνύει η προσφυγή στην αναλογική μέθοδο, προορισμένη να διαφωτίζει φαινόμενα αόρατα : τα αγγεία χρησιμεύουν κυρίως για να δηλώσουν προβλήματα σχετικά με το χώρο και την κίνηση. (shrink)

Η Ιπποκρατική Συλλογή παρέχει δύο τύπους πληροφοριών σχετικά με τα αγγεία : άλλοτε συμπληρώνει τις πληροφορίες που υπάρχουν για ήδη γνωστά σχήματα αγγείων (χύτρες με διάτρητα πώματα) και άλλοτε αναφέρει σπάνια ονόματα αγγείων (« φακός », « άρυστήρ », « βομβυλιός »), αλλά που τα συνδέει με συγκεκριμένες χρήσεις* επομένως, η λειτουργία που αποδίδεται στα αγγεία αυτά, μέσα από κείμενα χρονολογημένα με ακρίβεια, καθώς και η εξέταση του συνόλου όπου αναφέρονται, βοηθά ασφαλώς στον ακριβέστερο καθορισμό του σχήματος τους. Γίνεται προσπάθεια (...) να βρεθεί μια πλήρης απεικόνιση των όρων που χρησιμοποιούνται για την κεραμική της εποχής της Ιπποκρατικής Συλλογής. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Falling From the Sky: Trauma in Perec’s W and Caruth’s Unclaimed ExperienceEleanor Kaufman (bio)1 Fear of FallingIt is not surprising to find a link between trauma and falling in an entire strain of postwar literature. It is arguably the case that, in the wake of the Spanish Civil War and World War II, a new and more aerial form of spatial perception came into prominence, one in which something (...) or someone might reasonably be expected to fall out of the sky. Such a form of perception, vertical rather than horizontal in its orientation, is often experienced as an uneasiness directed at falling in both its physical and its metaphysical senses. That is, there is both a literal fear of falling from a height and a spiritual angst about falling, generally through no agency of one’s own, from one station in life to another.Within the postwar French tradition, 1 the conjunction of these two forms of falling is nowhere better articulated than in Georges Perec’s semi-autobiographical novel W or the Memory of Childhood. W alternates chapter by chapter between two different forms of writing: one a fantastical narrative about the faraway island of W, in which a robust society of athletes devote their lives to an Olympic ideal of sport, and which is organized by a system that first appears like a rational utopia but by the novel’s end devolves into a terrifying concentrationary universe; the other a non-narrative, truncated, and elliptical set of references to Perec’s own Jewish wartime childhood (Perec’s father died fighting for France in 1940; his mother died after being deported to Auschwitz in early 1943; in 1942, his mother placed the young Perec, aged six, on a Red Cross convoy headed toward the French Free Zone). In the autobiographical section of W, Perec gives several versions of his departure from his mother. In what follows are two of these versions, followed by Perec’s subsequent analysis of this memory.Of particular interest is the way that images of falling or suspension, here in the form of the parachute, punctuate this memory and take on their meaning precisely at the later [End Page 44] moment when Perec finds himself parachuting from the sky.The only surviving memory of my mother is the day she took me to the Gare de Lyon, which is where I left for Villard-de-Lans in a Red Cross convoy: though I have no broken bones, I wear my arm in a sling. My mother buys me a comic entitled Charlie and the Parachute: on the illustrated cover, the parachute’s rigging lines are no other than Charlie’s trouser braces.[26]My mother took me to the Gare de Lyon. I was six. She entrusted me to a Red Cross convoy leaving for Grenoble, in the free zone. She bought me a magazine, an issue of Charlie, with a cover showing Charlie Chaplin, with his walking stick, his hat, his shoes and his little mustache, doing a parachute jump. The parachute is attached to Charlie by his trouser braces.[54]A triple trait runs through this memory: parachute, sling, truss: it involves suspension, support, prosthesis almost. In order to be, you had to be propped. Sixteen years later, in 1958, when the haphazard fate of military service made me into a short-lived parachutist, I was able to read, at the very instant of jumping, one of the decoded texts of that memory: I was thrown into the void; all the threads were broken; I was falling, alone and without support. The parachute opened. The canopy unfurled, a fragile and firm suspense before the controlled descent.[55, translation modified]These two memories of Perec’s departure from his mother, as well as the third decoded reading dating from 1958, might be viewed together as the story of a trauma that, with characteristic belatedness, is only readable after the fact. Moreover, the motif of falling, in this instance figured by the recurrence of the parachute, provides the key to deciphering the memory of the trauma. The last—and lasting—memory of the mother is that of her buying Perec... (shrink)

En la protección de los bienes comunes en Estados Unidos desde el siglo xix hasta la actualidad, la doctrinal del public trust ha jugado un papel determinante. Esta doctrina, heredera de la tradición jurídica romana, basa su estructura conceptual en una relación fideicomisaria entre agente y principal y fue inicialmente invocada para la salvaguarda de los bienes comunes de su cercamiento y privatización. Con el paso de los años, se ha transformado en un instrumento jurídico clave para la protección ambiental. (...) En este artículo doy cuenta de su evolución y aplicación actual. (shrink)

Il est couramment admis qu’il existe une corrélation, sinon un rapport de cause à effet, entre la fréquence lexicale d’une dérivation et sa productivité, mesurée à l’aune de sa force d’attraction analogique. Or cette thèse est démentie par l’examen détaillé des faits d’apophonie nominale en portugais. De deux alternances qui se partagent un sous-ensemble de nominaux, c’est la dérivation minoritaire, ainsi que le révèle l’analyse d’un corpus de 238 mots, qui, depuis le XIXème siècle, gagne lentement du terrain dans le (...) standard de Lisbonne, et y exerce une force analogique sur l’alternance majoritaire sans commune mesure avec le phénomène inverse. On déduira de cet apparent paradoxe et de sa spécificité dialectale que le véritable moteur du changement analogique ne réside pas dans le nombre d’entrées voire de sorties lexicales, mais dans l’existence, au sein de la grammaire du locuteur, de « schèmes dérivationnels » pouvant à l’occasion être mis en concurrence sous certaines conditions distributionnelles et sociolinguistiques. (shrink)

Neste artigo, tensiono a construção da África com base na própria construção do “outro” enquanto um desafio para as ciências sociais e humanas. A partir de uma reflexão sobre o próprio processo de formação da África, muitos termos e nacionalismos foram utilizados para a chegada a um denominador comum acerca daquilo que define o continente africano, bem como também daquilo que se esvai em diferenças de perspectiva, de regiões e de buscas por esta identidade. Assim, escolho como exemplo meu estudo (...) sobre a obra A Geração da Utopia enquanto um processo a partir do qual a dificuldade para a chegada a um entendimento sobre identidade pode revelar um desafio maior: entender como múltiplas identidades foram sendo construídas, em parte como herança de uma visão nacionalista sobre identidade, e de que maneira os escritores africanos, à sua maneira, representam-na dentro de contextos específicos. Palavras-chave: identidade; Angola; Pepetela; mestiçagem; nacionalismo; história. (shrink)

Subject of this article is the Belgian citizen's oppositional behaviour taken in the largest sense and considered as an opportunity to express his preferences. Starting from the supposition that a policy decision is not perceived as being conform to the citizens' interests or beliefs, attention is focused on their propensity to engage in oppositional action and their preferences for different means of expression.Such propensity appears to be rather limited and therefore one has also examined their belief in the success of (...) an oppositional action and their insight in contemporary societal problems.Those data are compared with the actual oppositional behaviour during the last five years, which was found to be even smaller than the propensity. Further, three scales are constructed, indicating similarities and dissimilarities, as far as means of expression are concerned, between the preferences of the whole population and the behaviour of the small number of opponents.In a second approach, the degree of politica! participation, dissatisfaction and information is successively examined in relation to the oppositional behaviour. This research reveals that each of these three elements induces a more intensive oppositional activity as well as a different behaviour concerning the use of oppositional means. Political participation however is the most infiuencing factor. Oppositional behaviour is a complex phenomenon. Information on the content of the oppositional action, not included in this inquiry, would complete this approach. (shrink)

In the present article it is proposed to think about the possibility of an ethics in times of precariousness; on the one hand, through the figure of the Other that appears as a Face in E. Lévinas’ ethics of responsibility, as it is received by Butler in Precarious Life. And, on the other hand, through a proposal to re-read, which we believe it is necessary, the passage known as the “Parable of the Good Samaritan”, key-text in our pre-understanding-hermeneutical background about (...) the link between ethics and openness to the Other. That re-reading would help us to think about the possibility of an ethics that articulates care as assistance to the Other and delegation to an “Other” of the Other, that is usually forgotten. (shrink)

Resumo: Arthur Schopenhauer ficou conhecido como o pensador do “pessimismo filosófico”. Tratase de uma doutrina que, em linhas gerais, apresenta uma determinada interpretação acerca do valor do mundo, mas que, em seu sentido ainda mais básico, questiona a possibilidade de atribuição de valor ao todo da existência: há “justificação” para a existência? A partir da resposta a essa pergunta, o filósofo alemão desenvolve sua “metafísica da vontade” e, como seu desdobramento, sua teoria da “redenção”, ou soteriologia. Entretanto, o “filósofo do (...) pessimismo” também afirma, em sua obra, que há uma “ordenação moral de mundo” e um “significado moral da existência”, o que parece ir na direção oposta ao “pessimismo”. O presente artigo analisa o significado das noções de ordenação moral de mundo e justificação da existência no pensamento de Schopenhauer, a fim de demonstrar em que medida significado moral da existência e pessimismo filosófico se relacionam no pensamento do autor.: Arthur Schopenhauer is known as the thinker of “philosophical pessimism”. It means, in general lines, the doctrine that presents a certain worldview, but in its more basic sense, it questions the possibility of giving a meaning to the whole of existence: is there “justification” for the existence? By answering this question the German philosopher develops his “metaphysics of the will” and, as its unfolding, his theory of “redemption”, or soteriology. However, the “philosopher of pessimism” also asserts in his work that there is a “moral ordinance of world” and a “moral meaning of existence”, which seems to go on the opposite direction of what is claimed by the “pessimism”. The present paper analyses the sense of the notions of moral ordinance of world and justification of existence in Schopenhauer’s thought, in order to demonstrate how far moral meaning of life and philosophical pessimismo interact in his thought. (shrink)

Illuminating Teilhard's thought with excerpts from his unpublished notes and correspondence, the author relates Teilhard's ideas to his spiritual life, tracing the origin of his thought and its development. This spiritual journey describes Teilhard's early years and family background; his training as a Jesuit; the preparation of his scientific career; and his attainment of intellectual maturity during World War I.

Resumo Neste artigo, será discutida a noção de “infinitude cardinal” – a qual seria predicada de um “conjunto” – e a noção de “infinitude ordinal” – a qual seria predicada de um “processo”. A partir dessa distinção conceitual, será abordado o principal problema desse artigo, i.e., o problema da possibilidade teórica de uma infinitude de estrelas tratado por Dummett em sua obra Elements of Intuitionism. O filósofo inglês sugere que, mesmo diante dessa possibilidade teórica, deveria ser possível predicar apenas infinitude (...) ordinal. A questão principal surge do fato de que parece ser problemático predicar ordinalmente infinitude de “estrelas”. Mesmo diante dessa possibilidade, Dummett sugere que o intuicionista poderia apenas reinterpretar infinitude cardinal como sendo infinitude ordinal. Ora, iremos mostrar que, se Dummett não fornece razões extras que sustentem essa posição, então será difícil interpretar um caso empírico infinitário como sendo também um caso ordinal ou potencial de infinitude. Para resolver esse problema de Dummett, em Brouwer se encontram alguns pressupostos idealistas necessários para argumentar em favor da ideia de que, mesmo em um contexto empírico, como o de uma infinitude de estrelas, poderíamos predicar infinitude ordinal. Então, depois de discutir as duas noções de “infinitude” e apresentar o problema de Dummett, será apresentada a abordagem idealista de Brouwer – a qual pelo menos explicaria de modo mais plausível as razões que poderiam motivar um intuicionista a predicar infinitude ordinal até mesmo de um caso empírico e espacial. (shrink)

Présente le parcours philosophique de Merleau-Ponty tant dans sa formation que dans ses objectifs. Ses références : Descartes, Leibniz, Gabriel Marcel. Ses concepts opératoires : le concret, l'incarnation, l'intentionnalité, les chiasmes.

O relato de experiência a que este texto se refere provém do módulo intitulado Violência no Espaço Escolar, do Curso de Extensão em Gênero, Raça e Diversidade Sexual/ODEERE. A partir de temas que envolvem raça/etnia, gênero, e sexualidades, foram promovidos debates relacionados a preconceitos e discriminações que se manifestam no espaço escolar voltados para o racismo, sexismo e à homo-lesbo-bi-transfobia. O desenvolvimento da proposta didática pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa à luz da dialética, com o intuito de problematizar incômodos prescritos pelo (...) poder hegemônico e de pensar alternativas de mudanças para a promoção de uma convivência respeitosa primando pela valorização das diferenças. Palavras-chave: Violência. Escola. Diferenças. (shrink)

Overzicht van de ideeën omtrent politieke macht in verleden en heden.

L'auteur montre que la demonstration aristotelicienne du principe de non-contradiction se joue sur le terrain de la psychologie. Le livre Gamma de la Metaphysique renvoie au traite De l'ame et c'est a une theorie de l'enonciation qu'aboutit Aristote: l'unite offerte par l'acte d'affirmer etant, selon lui, l'expression non seulement de l'unite, mais encore de l'individualite du sujet.

DANS QUELLE MESURE LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE LA NOTION RENANIENNE DE LA SCIENCE CORRESPONDENT-ELLES D'UNE PART AU COURANT REDUCTIONNISTE, D'AUTRE PART A L'IDEE SYNTHETISANTE OU GLOBALISANTE QUI SE FORMULE EN TERMES D'INSATISFACTION ET D'EXIGENCES A RESONANCE ROMANTIQUE? VAUT-IL LA PEINE D'ETUDIER L'UVRE RENANIENNE DANS L'OPTIQUE DE NOS CONNAISSANCES SUR L'HISTOIRE DES IDEES AU XIXE SIECLE? PEUT-ON PARLER DE L'ACTUALITE DE LA PENSEE DE RENAN AUJOURD'HUI QUAND LES PREOCCUPATIONS EPISTEMOLOGIQUES CONTINUENT A DOMINER LA REFLEXION PHILOSOPHIQUE? LA PENSEE DE RENAN HESITE ENTRE L'EPISTEMOLOGIE (...) REDUCTIONNISTE, ALIMENTEE PAR LES RESULTATS DES SCIENCES EXPERIMENTALES, ET L'ATTITUDE GLOBALISANTE SOUHAITANT DONNER A LA CONNAISSANCE LA TOTALITE COMME OBJET. LA SCIENCE DE GALILEE, DE NEWTON ET DE LAPLACE A REDUIT LA RICHESSE INDIVIDUELLE DES PHENOMENES A DES CAS IDEALISES, PRIVES EN PREMIER LIEU DE LEUR HISTOIRE. C'EST LE TEMPS-DEVENIR QUI REVENDIQUE SES DROITS DANS CETTE CONCEPTION ETAYEE PAR LA PHILOSOPHIE ALLEMANDE. POSITIVISME ET ROMANTISME DESIGNENT CHEZ RENAN LES DEUX POLES D'UN CONFLIT D'ORDRE EPISTEMOLOGIQUE. IL SERAIT PREFERABLE DE REMPLACER DORENAVANT CES TERMES PAR REDUCTIONNISMEET GLOBALISME EPISTEMOLOGIQUES. LA METHODE DOUBLE SUGGEREE PAR RENAN, COMPOSEE DE RIGUEUR ET DE FINESSE SIGNIFIE QU'IL A PRIS CONSCIENCE DE LA CAUSE QUI PRESIDAIT A L'INSUFFISANCE DE LA DEMARCHE REDUCTIONNISTE : IL S'EST RENDU COMPTE QUE LE TEMPS-DEVENIR DEVAIT ENTRER DANS LA DEFINITION DE L'OBJET SCIENTIFIQUE. LA PENSEE DE RENAN, AVEC TOUT SON ATTACHEMENT A DES FORMULES QUI SEMBLENT AUJOURD'HUI AVOIR VECU, EST UNE PROMESSE NON TENUE : L'ELABORATION RIGOUREUSE DE SES IDEES AURAIT PU DONNER NAISSANCE A UN SYSTEME EPISTEMOLOGIQUE UNIFIE DE LA SCIENCE. L'UNIFICATION QUI SE PASSERAIT NEANMOINS SOUS L'EGIDE DES SCIENCES HUMAINES PUISQUE CELLES-CI SONT CAPABLES DE DEPASSER LE REDUCTIONNISME ETROIT DE LA METHODE PRATIQUEE PAR LES SCIENCES DE LA NATURE. (shrink)

La obra de Francisco Romero (1891-1962) ha revolucionado el pensamiento argentino no sólo en el sentido de crear un nuevo sistema filosófico, sino en el de sentar una genuina filosofía americana. Su trabajo se extendió no sólo al campo filosófico, sino también al editorial y universitario. En este contexto y a través del epistolario entramos en la práctica y los contenidos de sociabilidad, para delinear las contribuciones de la categoría en el campo de la historia de las ideas. Desde esta (...) perspectiva partimos en el estudio del epistolario de Romero con filósofos de EEUU. Es acerca de un epistolario, esto es, un corpus de cartas que sostuvo con filósofos norteamericanos y europeos con residencia en EEUU entre 1942-1962. Entendemos que tal reservorio nos abre un camino para estudiar la escritura epistolar bajo códigos de sociabilidad. The work of Francisco Romero (1891-1962) has revolutionized the argentinian thought not in the sense of creating a new philosophy system, but in the one of setting out a genuine american philosophy. His work extended not only to the philosophical field but also to the publishing and universitary ones. In this context and through epistolary paths we enter the practice and contents of sociability, to outline the contributions of the category to the field of the history of ideas. As from this perspective we dwell on the study of the epistolary of Romero with philosophers in the United States. It is about an epistolary, that is to say, a corpus of letters that he held with american and european philosophers living in the US between 1942-1962. We understood that such reservoir opens us a way to place epistolary writing in a sociability code. (shrink)