Results for 'Positivism History'

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  1.  49
    The “Conflict Thesis” and Positivist History of Science: A View From the Periphery.Miguel de Asúa - 2018 - Zygon 53 (4):1131-1148.
    The historiographic tradition of the history of science that originated with Auguste Comte bears all the marks of narratives with roots in the Enlightenment, such as a view of religion as an underdeveloped stage in the ascending road in humanity's quest for a more mature understanding. This article explores the development of the peripheral branch of a tradition that developed in Argentina by the mid‐twentieth century with authors such as the Italians Aldo Mieli, José Babini, and the Hungarian Desiderius (...)
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  2. Logical Positivism: The History of a “Caricature”.Sander Verhaegh - 2024 - Isis 115 (1):46-64.
    Logical positivism is often characterized as a set of naive doctrines on meaning, method, and metaphysics. In recent decades, however, historians have dismissed this view as a gross misinterpretation. This new scholarship raises a number of questions. When did the standard reading emerge? Why did it become so popular? And how could commentators have been so wrong? This essay reconstructs the history of a “caricature” and rejects the hypothesis that it was developed by ill-informed Anglophone scholars who failed (...)
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  3.  14
    How History Matters to Philosophy: Reconsidering Philosophy’s Past After Positivism.Robert C. Scharff - 2014 - New York: Routledge.
    In recent decades, widespread rejection of positivism’s notorious hostility toward the philosophical tradition has led to renewed debate about the real relationship of philosophy to its history. How History Matters to Philosophy takes a fresh look at this debate. Current discussion usually starts with the question of whether philosophy’s past should matter, but Scharff argues that the very existence of the debate itself demonstrates that it already does matter. After an introductory review of the recent literature, he (...)
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  4.  69
    Can histories be true? Narrativism, positivism, and the "metaphoricalturn".Chris Lorenz - 1998 - History and Theory 37 (3):309–329.
    Narrativism, as represented by Hayden White and Frank Ankersmit, can fruitfully be analyzed as an inversion of two brands of positivism. First, narrativist epistemology can be regarded as an inversion of empiricism. Its thesis that narratives function as metaphors which do not possess a cognitive content is built on an empiricist, "picture view" of knowledge. Moreover, all the non-cognitive aspects attributed to narrative as such are dependent on this picture theory of knowledge and a picture theory of representation. Most (...)
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  5.  42
    The History and Foundations of Criticism of H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism in R. Dworkin’s Philosophy of Law.Sofya V. Koval - 2019 - Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62 (7):124-142.
    The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy (...)
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  6. Beyond positivism: A research program for philosophy of history.Raymond Martin - 1981 - Philosophy of Science 48 (1):112-121.
    It is argued that the debate over the positivist theory of historical explanation has made only a limited contribution to our understanding of how historians should defend the explanations they propose importantly because both positivists and their critics tacitly accepted two assumptions. The first assumption is that if the positivist analysis of historical explanation is correct, then historians ought to attempt to defend covering laws for each of the explanations they propose. The second is that unless a historian can justify (...)
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  7.  52
    The Worlds of Positivism: A Global Intellectual History, 1770–1930.Johannes Feichtinger, Franz L. Fillafer & Jan Surman (eds.) - 2018 - Palgrave.
    This book is the first to trace the origins and significance of positivism on a global scale. Taking their cues from Auguste Comte and John Stuart Mill, positivists pioneered a universal, experience-based culture of scientific inquiry for studying nature and society—a new science that would enlighten all of humankind. Positivists envisaged one world united by science, but their efforts spawned many. Uncovering these worlds of positivism, the volume ranges from India, the Ottoman Empire, and the Iberian Peninsula to (...)
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  8.  16
    Is History as a Science Possible? Historical Duree and the Critique of Positivism.R. Winkler - 2015 - Télos 2015 (172):163-186.
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  9.  11
    Shadow History with a Hidden Agenda? Francis Bacon als Positivist in der Dialektik der Aufklärung.Dietrich Schotte - 2018 - In Winfried Schröder & Sonja Lavaert (eds.), Aufklärungs-Kritik Und Aufklärungs-Mythen: Horkheimer Und Adorno in Philosophiehistorischer Perspektive. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 83-112.
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  10.  39
    Positivism, science, and history.Mortimer Taube - 1937 - Journal of Philosophy 34 (8):205-210.
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  11. Positivism's heritage in the creation of the chair in general history of sciences at the College de France.Annie Petit - 1995 - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 48 (4):521-556.
  12.  41
    Robert C. Scharff: How History Matters to Philosophy: Reconsidering Philosophy’s Past After Positivism: Routledge, 2014, 321 pp. $125 hbk.Lee Braver - 2014 - Human Studies 37 (4):583-587.
    Robert C. Scharff has written what we might call, after Nietzsche, a timely meditation. It is timely in that it is aimed at our particular time , and it is a meditation on timeliness, on what it means to do philosophy within time and history . These two topics meet in his depiction of our time as one that is either not fully aware of or that actively suppresses its own timeliness, its own determination by its time and historical (...)
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  13.  14
    Positivism and History in Nineteenth-Century Chile: Jose Victorino Lastarria and Valentin Letelier.Allen L. Woll - 1976 - Journal of the History of Ideas 37 (3):493.
  14. Theory in history : positivism, natural law, and conjectural history in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English legal thought.Michael Lobban - 2016 - In Maksymilian Del Mar & Michael Lobban (eds.), Law in theory and history: new essays on a neglected dialogue. Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing.
     
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  15.  8
    Beyond positivism, behaviorism, and neoinstitutionalism in economics.Deirdre Nansen McCloskey - 2022 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    In Beyond Positivism, Behaviorism, and Neoinstitutionalism in Economics, Deirdre Nansen McCloskey zeroes in on the authoritarian cast of recent economics, arguing for a re-focusing on the liberated human. The behaviorist positivism fashionable in the field since the 1930s treats people from the outside. It yielded in Williamson and North a manipulative neoinstitutionalism. McCloskey argues that institutions as causes are mainly temporary and intermediate, not ultimate. They are human-made, depending on words, myth, ethics, ideology, history, identity, professionalism, gossip, (...)
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  16. Legal Positivism and the Moral Origins of Legal Systems.Emad H. Atiq - 2023 - Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 36 (1):37-64.
    Legal positivists maintain that the legality of a rule is fundamentally determined by social facts. Yet for much of legal history, ordinary officials used legal terminology in ways that seem inconsistent with positivism. Judges regularly cited, analyzed, and predicated their decisions on the ‘laws of justice’ which they claimed had universal legal import. This practice, though well-documented by historians, has received surprisingly little philosophical attention; I argue that it invites explanation from positivists. After taxonomizing the positivist’s explanatory options, (...)
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  17.  70
    Woodger, positivism, and the evolutionary synthesis.Joe Cain - 2000 - Biology and Philosophy 15 (4):535-551.
    In Unifying Biology, Smocovitis offers a series of claimsregarding the relationship between key actors in the synthesisperiod of evolutionary studies and positivism, especially claimsentailing Joseph Henry Woodger and the Unity of Science Movement.This commentary examines Woodger''s possible relevance to key synthesis actors and challenges Smocovitis'' arguments for theexplanatory relevance of logical positivism, and positivism moregenerally, to synthesis history. Under scrutiny, these arguments areshort on evidence and subject to substantial conceptual confusion.Though plausible, Smocovitis'' minimal interpretation – that (...)
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  18. Reconsidering Logical Positivism.Michael Friedman - 1999 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In this collection of essays one of the preeminent philosophers of science writing offers a reinterpretation of the enduring significance of logical positivism, the revolutionary philosophical movement centered around the Vienna Circle in the 1920s and 30s. Michael Friedman argues that the logical positivists were radicals not by presenting a new version of empiricism but rather by offering a new conception of a priori knowledge and its role in empirical knowledge. This collection will be mandatory reading for any philosopher (...)
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  19. Legal positivism.Brian H. Bix - 2004 - In Martin P. Golding & William A. Edmundson (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 29–49.
    This chapter contains section titled: History and Context Clarifications Alternative Legal Positivisms The Rule of Recognition and the Basic Norm The Divisions Within Contemporary Legal Positivism Debates and Distinctive Views Critiques of Legal Positivism Two Critics: Ronald Dworkin and John Finnis Methodological Questions and the Way Forward Conclusion Note References Further Reading.
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  20.  65
    How history matters to philosophy: reconsidering philosophy’s past after positivism[REVIEW]Onur Özmen - 2018 - Journal of Critical Realism 17 (1):78-83.
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  21.  40
    European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century. An Essay in Intellectual History by W. M. Simon. [REVIEW]Alan Spitzer - 1964 - Isis 55:469-470.
  22.  22
    (1 other version)L'enseignement positiviste : Auxiliaire ou obstacle pour l'histoire des sciences? / Positivist teaching : Auxiliary or obstacle for history of science?Annie Petit - 2005 - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 58 (2):329-366.
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  23.  30
    Professor child on neo-positivism and history.William Dray - 1962 - Journal of Philosophy 59 (4):100-106.
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  24.  35
    Importance of the History of Ideas in Latin America: Zea's Positivism in MexicoThe Impact of Metaphysics on Latin American Ideology.Jorge J. E. Gracia & F. Miro Quesada - 1975 - Journal of the History of Ideas 36 (1):177.
  25.  28
    Robert C. Scharff, How History Matters to Philosophy: Reconsidering Philosophy’s Past after Positivism.Pascal Massie - 2018 - Philosophy Today 62 (2):653-660.
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  26.  82
    The religion of humanity: the impact of Comtean positivism on Victorian Britain.Terence R. Wright - 1986 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The Religion of Humanity, first expounded by the founder of Positivism, Auguste Comte, focused the minds of a wide range of prominent Victorians on the possibility of replacing Christianity with an alternative religion based on scientific principles and humanist values. This new book traces the impact of Comte's 'religion' on Victorian Britain, showing how its ideas were championed by John Stuart Mill and George Henry Lewes before being institutionalised by Richard Congreve and Frederic Harrison, the leaders of the two (...)
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  27.  14
    Between Two Poles: Positivism and Historicism in the History of Contemporary Geography.María M. Portuondo - 2018 - Isis 109 (1):109-112.
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  28. Lots of positivist conception of history of philosophy.Is Narskij - 1977 - Filosoficky Casopis 25 (2):243-254.
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  29. Aufbau/Bauhaus: Logical Positivism and Architectural Modernism.Peter Galison - 1990 - Critical Inquiry 16 (4):709-752.
    On 15 October 1959, Rudolf Carnap, a leading member of the recently founded Vienna Circle, came to lecture at the Bauhaus in Dessau, southwest of Berlin. Carnap had just finished his magnum opus, The Logical Construction of the World, a book that immediately became the bible of the new antiphilosophy announced by the logical positivists. From a small group in Vienna, the movement soon expanded to include an international following, and in the sixty years since has exerted a powerful sway (...)
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  30.  33
    The Positivism Dispute in German Sociology, 1954–1970.Marius Strubenhoff - 2018 - History of European Ideas 44 (2):260-276.
    ABSTRACTThis article offers a re-contextualization of the Positivism Dispute between the Frankfurt School and advocates of empirical sociology in the German sociological profession between 1954 and 1970. Investigating the reasons why the German Sociological Association convened in Tübingen in October 1961, it assigns a more peripheral role to Karl Popper and this now famous seminar. Focusing instead on the debate among German sociologists from the mid-1950s which prompted the convention of the seminar and the invitation for Popper to speak, (...)
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  31.  8
    The Soviet critique of neopositivism: the history and structure of the critique of logical positivism and related doctrines by Soviet philosophers in the years 1947-1967.Wolfhard F. Boeselager - 1975 - Boston: Reidel Pub. Co..
    The nrst of the people to be thanked for their help during the composition of this work is Professor I.M. Bochenski, under whom I had the good fortune to study for an extended period of time. Without his help, it is doubtful that this work would have been writt"l1 at all. Among the other professors who helped along the way, I would like to cite in particular Professors A.F. Utz, M.D. Philippe and N. Luyten of the University of Fribourg. Many (...)
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  32. Positivism in Action: The Case of Louis Rougier.Fons Dewulf & Massimiliano Simons - 2021 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 11 (2):461-487.
    In this paper, we investigate how the life and work of Louis Rougier relate to the broader political dimension of logical empiricist philosophy. We focus on three practical projects of Rougier in the 1930s and 1940s: first, his attempts to integrate French-speaking philosophers into an international network of scientific philosophers by organizing two Unity of Science conferences in Paris; second, his role in the renewal of liberalism through the organization of the Walter Lippmann Colloquium; and third, his attempts at political (...)
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  33.  38
    Auguste Comte and positivism: the essential writings.Auguste Comte - 1975 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Gertrud Lenzer.
    Although Auguste Comte is conventionally acknowledged as one of the founders of sociology and as a key representative of positivism, few new editions of his writings have been published in the English language in this century. He has become virtually dissociated from the history of modern positivism and the most recent debates about it. Gertrud Lenzer maintains that the work of Comte is, for better or for worse, essential to an understanding of the modern period of (...). This collection provides new access to the work of Comte and gives practitioners of various disciplines the possibility of reassessing concepts that were first introduced in Comte's writings. Today much of the ordinary business of academic disciplines is conducted under the assumption that the realm of science is essentially separate from the realms of politics and science. A close reading of Comte will reveal how deeply such current ideas and theories were originally embedded in a particular political context. One of his central methodological principles was that the theory of society had to be removed from the arena of political practice precisely in order to control that practice by means of these same sciences. It is in Comte's work that the reader will be able to observe how the forces of social and political reaction began to be powerfully organized to combat the critical forces in its own and later eras. Auguste Comte and Positivism will be of importance to the work of philosophers, sociologists, political theorists, and historians. (shrink)
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  34.  23
    Logical Positivism, Values, and Norms.Vitaly V. Ogleznev - 2021 - Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 58 (1):48-56.
    During its hundred-year history, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus has undergone a variety of interpretations and explanations. But the significance of this work cannot be limited to an assessment of whether it had an impact on the development of logical positivism or not. Similarly, the reading of Tractatus cannot be reduced to just an ethical or some other readings. This article proposes to study a possible reading of “Tractatus” in terms of legal philosophy, which is based on the relation (...)
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  35.  15
    Modern Modalities: Studies of the History of Modal Theories From Medieval Nominalism to Logical Positivism.Simo Knuuttila (ed.) - 1988 - Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    The word "modem" in the title of this book refers primarily to post-medieval discussions, but it also hints at those medieval mo dal theories which were considered modem in contradistinction to ancient conceptions and which in different ways influenced philosophical discussions during the early modem period. The me dieval developments are investigated in the opening paper, 'The Foundations of Modality and Conceivability in Descartes and His Predecessors', by Lilli Alanen and Simo Knuuttila. Boethius's works from the early sixth century belonged (...)
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  36. From Positivism to ‘Anti-Positivism’ in Mexico: Some Notable Continuities.Alexander Stehn - 2012 - In Gregory D. Gilson & Irving W. Levinson (eds.), Latin American Positivism: New Historical and Philosophic Essays. Lanham: Lexington Books. pp. 49.
    A general consensus has emerged in the scholarship on Latin American thought dating from the latter half of the nineteenth century through the first quarter of the twentieth. Latin American intellectuals widely adapted the European philosophy of positivism in keeping with the demands of their own social and political contexts, effectively making positivism the second most important philosophical tradition in the history of Latin America, after scholasticism. However, as thinkers across Latin America faced the challenges of the (...)
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  37. On the Logical Positivists' Philosophy of Psychology: Laying a Legend to Rest.Sean Crawford - 2014 - In Thomas Uebel (ed.), New Directions in the Philosophy of Science. Cham: Springer. pp. 711-726.
    The received view in the history of the philosophy of psychology is that the logical positivists—Carnap and Hempel in particular—endorsed the position commonly known as “logical” or “analytical” behaviourism, according to which the relations between psychological statements and the physical-behavioural statements intended to give their meaning are analytic and knowable a priori. This chapter argues that this is sheer legend: most, if not all, such relations were viewed by the logical positivists as synthetic and knowable only a posteriori. It (...)
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  38.  17
    Chemistry beyond the ‘positivism vs realism' debate.Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent - unknown
    It is often assumed that chemistry was a typical positivistic science as long as chemists used atomic and molecular models as mere fictions and denied any concern with their real existence. Even when they use notions such as molecular orbitals chemists do not reify them and often claim that they are mere models or instrumental artefacts. However a glimpse on the history of chemistry in the longue durée suggests that such denials of the ontological status of chemical entities do (...)
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  39.  62
    Legal Positivism and Naturalistic Explanation of Action.Dan Priel - 2024 - Law and Philosophy 43 (1):31-59.
    It is natural to think of legal positivism and jurisprudential naturalism as intellectually allied ideas. Legal positivism is associated with the idea that law is a matter of social fact; naturalism is a philosophical tenet that, among other things suggests the importance of scientific findings and methods to philosophy. At the very least, there seems to be a close family resemblance between the two views. In this essay, I challenge this view from a naturalistic perspective. I show that (...)
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  40.  39
    The Positivism Dispute Revisited.Thomas Uebel - 1994 - Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 2:323-329.
    Hans-Joachim Dahms’s long-awaited book on the so-called “positivism dispute” is a most timely and important study of a particularly puzzling episode in the history of 20th century Central European philosophy.1 Transcending the distinction between internal and external historiography, it tells a story that may be read not only as a well-situated philosophical critique of the positions at issue in that dispute, but also as a political history of mid-20th century Central European philosophy of science. Read either way, (...)
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  41.  25
    ‘Mere chips from his workshop’: Gotthard Deutsch’s monumental card index of Jewish history.Jason Lustig - 2019 - History of the Human Sciences 32 (3):49-75.
    Gotthard Deutsch (1859–1921) taught at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati from 1891 until his death, where he produced a card index of 70,000 ‘facts’ of Jewish history. This article explores the biography of this artefact of research and poses the following question: Does Deutsch’s index constitute a great unwritten work of history, as some have claimed, or are the cards ultimately useless ‘chips from his workshop’? It may seem a curious relic of positivistic history, but closer examination (...)
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  42.  33
    The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism.Torben Spaak (ed.) - 2021 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    Legal positivism is one of the fundamental theories of jurisprudence studied in law and related fields around the world. This volume addresses how legal positivism is perceived and makes the case for why it is relevant for contemporary legal theory. The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism offers thirty-three chapters from leading scholars that provide a comprehensive commentary on the fundamental ideas of legal positivism, its history and major theorists, its connection to normativity and values, its (...)
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  43. Between Positivism and Phenomenology: Brentano's Philosophy of Science.Anderson Weekes - 1996 - Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook
    Brentano plays a paradoxical role in the history of philosophy. He is the key transitional figure between two antithetical traditions: although a profound influence to phenomenology, Brentano himself was inspired by the positivism of Comte and Mill. While his students found in his teachings both a reason and the means to combat the spirit of positivism, Brentano himself believed "the true method of philosophy was nothing other than the method of the natural sciences." The incoherence of his (...)
     
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  44. Behaviorism And Logical Positivism: A Reassessment Of The Alliance.Laurence D. Smith - 1986 - Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    ONE Introduction The history of psychology in the twentieth century is a story of the divorce and remarriage of psychology and philosophy. ...
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  45. Three Positivist Disputes in the 1960s.Carl-Göran Heidegren - 2018 - Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy 6 (8).
    The West German positivist dispute in the 1960s is well known and thoroughly studied. At about the same time positivist disputes also took place in two Scandinavian countries: one in Norway and one in Sweden. What did the front lines in the debate look like in the three countries? What was the outcome of the different disputes? The main focus in the article is on the Swedish case, but some comparative perspectives relating to the three disputes will also be presented. (...)
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  46.  11
    Memoirs of a positivist.Malcolm Quin - 1924 - London,: G. Allen & Unwin.
    First published in 1924, Memoirs of a Positivist is both an autobiography of the author and a history of the English Positivist movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It especially elaborates on the influence of the Positivist movement in the religious life of people and the manners in which scientific reasons were sought for religious beliefs. This book will be of interest to students of philosophy, religion and history.
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  47. Nation-Building through Education: Positivism and its Transformations in Mexico.Alexander Stehn - 2019 - In Jr Sanchez (ed.), Latin American and Latinx Philosophy: A Collaborative Introduction. Routledge.
    In the second half of the nineteenth century, many Latin American intellectuals adapted the philosophy of positivism to address the pressing problems of nation-building and respond to the demands of their own social and political contexts, making positivism the second most influential tradition in the history of Latin American philosophy, after scholasticism. Since a comprehensive survey of positivism’s role across Latin American and Latinx philosophy would require multiple books, this chapter presents the history of (...) and its transformations in Mexican and Chicanx philosophies, proceeding chronologically and focusing on these representative thinkers: Auguste Comte (1798-1857), Gabino Barreda (1818-1881), Justo Sierra (1848-1912), José Vasconcelos (1882-1959), Antonio Caso (1883-1946), and Gloria Anzaldúa (1942-2004). We pay special attention to how positivism was used to build the Mexican nation and reconstruct Mexican identity through education, creating philosophical debates about the relationships among science, religion, morality, education, race, economic progress, and national development. These debates continue to resonate as we think critically about the respective roles of scientific education—then called “positive” education, now “STEM” education—and moral education in the curricula used to educate a country’s youth while reconstructing their ethnoracial and national identities. (shrink)
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  48. Legal Positivism and the African Legal Tradition.F. U. Okafor - 1984 - International Philosophical Quarterly 24 (2):157-164.
  49. The Reception of Positivism in Whewell, Mill and Brentano.Arnaud Dewalque - 2022 - In Ion Tanasescu, Alexandru Bejinariu, Susan Krantz Gabriel & Constantin Stoenescu (eds.), Brentano and the Positive Philosophy of Comte and Mill: With Translations of Original Writings on Philosophy as Science by Franz Brentano. Berlin: De Gruyter.
    This article compares and contrasts the reception of Comte’s positivism in the works of William Whewell, John Stuart Mill and Franz Brentano. It is argued that Whewell’s rejection of positivism derives from his endorsement of a constructivist account of the inductive sciences, while Mill and Brentano’s sympathies for positivism are connected to their endorsement of an empiricist account. The mandate of the article is to spell out the chief differences between these two rival accounts. In the last, (...)
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  50.  70
    Legal Positivism and the African Legal Tradition.Olufemi Taiwo - 1985 - International Philosophical Quarterly 25 (2):197-200.
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