Results for 'Philip M. Hauser'

982 found
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  1.  32
    Social science and social engineering.Philip M. Hauser - 1949 - Philosophy of Science 16 (3):209-218.
    There should be no disagreement with the proposal for research into the role of applied social science in the formation of policy. The relation between social science and the formation of social policy and social action is, in fact, one of the more important areas of study in the general field of social control. The outline for research prepared by Mr. Merton constitutes a good framework for the investigation of important aspects of the relationship between social science and the world (...)
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  2.  45
    Perception without awareness: Critical issues.Philip M. Merikle - 1992 - American Psychologist 47:792-5.
  3. Parallels between perception without attention and perception without awareness.Philip M. Merikle & Steve Joordens - 1997 - Consciousness and Cognition 6 (2-3):219-36.
    Do studies of perception without awareness and studies of perception without attention address a similar underlying concept of awareness? To answer this question, we compared qualitative differences in performance across variations in stimulus quality with qualitative differences in performance across variations in the direction of attention . The qualitative differences were based on three different phenomena: Stroop priming, false recognition, and exclusion failure. In all cases, variations in stimulus quality and variations in the direction of attention led to parallel findings. (...)
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  4.  54
    Cognitive shortcuts in causal inference.Philip M. Fernbach & Bob Rehder - 2013 - Argument and Computation 4 (1):64 - 88.
    (2013). Cognitive shortcuts in causal inference. Argument & Computation: Vol. 4, Formal Models of Reasoning in Cognitive Psychology, pp. 64-88. doi: 10.1080/19462166.2012.682655.
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  5.  76
    Consciousness is a “subjective” state.Philip M. Merikle & Jim Cheesman - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):42-42.
  6. How Common is Cheating in Online Exams and did it Increase During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Systematic Review.Philip M. Newton & Keioni Essex - 2024 - Journal of Academic Ethics 22 (2):323-343.
    Academic misconduct is a threat to the validity and reliability of online examinations, and media reports suggest that misconduct spiked dramatically in higher education during the emergency shift to online exams caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviewed survey research to determine how common it is for university students to admit cheating in online exams, and how and why they do it. We also assessed whether these self-reports of cheating increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with an evaluation of (...)
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  7.  33
    Unconscious perception revisited.Philip M. Merikle - 1982 - Perception and Psychophysics 31:298-301.
  8.  48
    Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in a Tertiary Care Veterinary Specialty Hospital: Adaptation of the Human Clinical Consultation Committee Model.Philip M. Rosoff, Rachel Ruderman, Jeannine Moga, Bruce Keene, Christopher Adin, Callie Fogle, Heather Hopkinson & Charity Weyhrauch - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (2):7-10.
    Technological advances in veterinary medicine have produced considerable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases in animals. At the same time, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and owners of animals face increasingly complex situations that raise questions about goals of care and correct or reasonable courses of action. These dilemmas are frequently controversial and can generate conflicts between clients and health care providers. In many ways they resemble the ethical challenges confronted by human medicine and that spawned the creation of (...)
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  9.  32
    Spatial selectivity in vision: Field size depends upon noise size.Philip M. Merikle & Nancy J. Gorewich - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14 (5):343-346.
  10.  80
    Measuring the relative magnitude of unconscious influences.Philip M. Merikle, Steve Joordens & Jennifer A. Stolz - 1995 - Consciousness and Cognition 4 (4):422-39.
    As an alternative to establishing awareness thresholds, stimulus contexts in which there were either greater conscious or greater unconscious influences were defined on the basis of performance on an exclusion task. Target words were presented for brief durations and each target word was followed immediately by its three-letter stem. Subjects were instructed to complete each stem with any word other than the target word. With this task, failures to exclude target words indicate greater unconscious influences, whereas successful exclusion indicates greater (...)
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  11. Institutional Futility Policies are Inherently Unfair.Philip M. Rosoff - 2013 - HEC Forum 25 (3):191-209.
    For many years a debate has raged over what constitutes futile medical care, if patients have a right to demand what doctors label as futile, and whether physicians should be obliged to provide treatments that they think are inappropriate. More recently, the argument has shifted away from the difficult project of definitions, to outlining institutional policies and procedures that take a measured and patient-by-patient approach to deciding if an existing or desired intervention is futile. The prototype is the Texas Advance (...)
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  12. Perception without awareness: Perspectives from cognitive psychology.Philip M. Merikle & Daniel Smilek - 2001 - Cognition 79 (1):115-34.
  13. Conscious vs. unconscious perception.Philip M. Merikle & M. Daneman - 2000 - In Michael S. Gazzaniga (ed.), The New Cognitive Neurosciences: 2nd Edition. MIT Press.
     
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  14.  44
    Licensing Surrogate Decision-Makers.Philip M. Rosoff - 2017 - HEC Forum 29 (2):145-169.
    As medical technology continues to improve, more people will live longer lives with multiple chronic illnesses with increasing cumulative debilitation, including cognitive dysfunction. Combined with the aging of society in most developed countries, an ever-growing number of patients will require surrogate decision-makers. While advance care planning by patients still capable of expressing their preferences about medical interventions and end-of-life care can improve the quality and accuracy of surrogate decisions, this is often not the case, not infrequently leading to demands for (...)
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  15. Measuring unconscious perceptual processes.Philip M. Merikle & Eyal M. Reingold - 1992 - In Robert F. Bornstein & Thane S. Pittman (eds.), Perception Without Awareness: Cognitive, Clinical, and Social Perspectives. New York: Guilford. pp. 55-80.
     
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  16.  7
    Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys.Philip M. Bromberg - 2006 - Routledge.
    In _Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys_, Philip Bromberg continues the illuminating explorations into dissociation and clinical process begun in _Standing in the Spaces_. Bromberg is among our most gifted clinical writers, especially in his unique ability to record peripheral variations in relatedness - those subtle, split-second changes that capture the powerful workings of dissociation and chart the changing self-states that analyst and patient bring to the moment. For Bromberg, a model of mind premised on the centrality of self-states and (...)
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  17.  24
    Recognition and lexical decision without detection: Unconscious perception?Philip M. Merikle & Eyal M. Reingold - 1990 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:574-83.
  18.  42
    Caring for the Suffering: Meeting the Ebola Crisis Responsibly.Philip M. Rosoff - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (4):26-32.
    The current Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa appears to be spiraling out of control. The worst-case projections suggested that the unchecked spread could result in almost 1.4 million cases by the end of January 2015 with a case fatality rate of at least 50%. The United States and European nations have begun to respond in earnest with promises of supplies, isolation beds, and trained health care personnel in an effort to contain the epidemic and care for the sick. However, (...)
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  19. Comparing direct (explicit) to indirect (implicit) measures to study unconscious memory.Philip M. Merikle & Eyal M. Reingold - 1991 - Journal Of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory And Cognition 17 (2):224-233.
  20.  40
    Should palliative care be a necessity or a luxury during an overwhelming health catastrophe?Philip M. Rosoff - 2010 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 21 (4):312.
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  21.  31
    A legal approach to tackling contract cheating?Philip M. Newton & Michael J. Draper - 2017 - International Journal for Educational Integrity 13 (1).
    The phenomenon of contract cheating presents, potentially, a serious threat to the quality and standards of Higher Education around the world. There have been suggestions, cited below, to tackle the problem using legal means, but we find that current laws are not fit for this purpose. In this article we present a proposal for a specific new law to target contract cheating, which could be enacted in most jurisdictions.We test our proposed new law against a number of issues that would (...)
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  22. Causal beliefs influence the perception of temporal order.Philip M. Fernbach, Preston Linson-Gentry & Steven A. Sloman - 2007 - In McNamara D. S. & Trafton J. G. (eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Annual Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 269--74.
     
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  23.  32
    When Religion and Medicine Clash: Non-beneficial Treatments and Hope for a Miracle.Philip M. Rosoff - 2019 - HEC Forum 31 (2):119-139.
    Patient and family demands for the initiation or continuation of life-sustaining medically non-beneficial treatments continues to be a major issue. This is especially relevant in intensive care units, but is also a challenge in other settings, most notably with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Differences of opinion between physicians and patients/families about what are appropriate interventions in specific clinical situations are often fraught with highly strained emotions, and perhaps none more so when the family bases their desires on religious belief. In this essay, (...)
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  24. Habituation: A dual-process theory.Philip M. Groves & Richard F. Thompson - 1970 - Psychological Review 77 (5):419-450.
  25.  49
    When good evidence goes bad: The weak evidence effect in judgment and decision-making.Philip M. Fernbach, Adam Darlow & Steven A. Sloman - 2011 - Cognition 119 (3):459-467.
  26.  21
    Rational behavior in bargaining situations.Philip M. Barnett - 1983 - Noûs 17 (4):621-635.
  27.  24
    Host cell–plasmid interactions in the expression of DNA donor activity by F + strains of Escherichia coli K‐12.Philip M. Silverman - 1985 - Bioessays 2 (6):254-259.
    DNA transfer directly from cell to cell (conjugation) is common among prokaryotes, particularly Gram‐negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The phenomenon invariably requires a set of plasmid genes in the DNA donor cell. In addition, E. coli itself makes limited and specific contributions to the donor activity of strains carrying the conjugative plasmid F. These contributions have yet to be defined biochemically, but it is already clear that the cell envelope is an importan nexus between plasmid‐ and chromosome‐encoded proteins required for (...)
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  28.  14
    Respecting Patients’ Authority to Make Healthcare Decisions.Philip M. Rosoff - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (11):84-86.
    What characteristics or attributes of a healthcare decision qualify it as acceptable to those who are empowered to judge it as adequate and hence suitable to either proceed (or not) with a recommen...
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  29. Psychological investigations of unconscious perception.Philip M. Merikle & M. Daneman - 1998 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 5 (1):5-18.
    This paper reviews the history of psychological investigations of unconscious perception and summarizes the current status of experimental research in this area of investigation. The research findings described in the paper illustrate how it is possible to distinguish experimentally between conscious and unconscious perception. The most successful experimental strategy has been to show that a stimulus can have qualitatively different consequences on cognitive and affective reactions depending on whether it was consciously or unconsciously perceived. In addition, recent studies of patients (...)
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  30. Creating a Broader Political Center for Science and Policy.Philip M. Smith - 2006 - Social Research: An International Quarterly 73 (3):1049-1056.
  31.  58
    Toward a definition of awareness.Philip M. Merikle - 1984 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22 (5):449-50.
  32.  25
    Marriage and the unconscious.Philip M. Bloom - 1957 - The Eugenics Review 49 (3):148.
  33.  19
    Roles for glutamate and norepinephrine in Iimbic circuitry and psychopathology.Philip M. Beart - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (2):208-209.
  34.  26
    Discriminatory Demands by Patients.Philip M. Rosoff - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (4):7-11.
    Most of us working in health care are concerned—perhaps even appalled—when patients make demands for doctors or nurses or other caregivers that accord with their bigoted sentiments. Even though there may be some reasons to believe that matching certain characteristics of doctors with those of their patients (whether the latter ask for them or not) may produce both more patient satisfaction and even some health benefits, how does one tease apart or distinguish requests that are potentially beneficial from those we (...)
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  35.  21
    The generation and recognition components of encoding specificity.Philip M. Salzberg & James W. Pellegrino - 1974 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 4 (1):9-11.
  36. Measuring unconscious processes.Philip M. Merikle & Eyal M. Reingold - 1992 - In Robert F. Bornstein & Thane S. Pittman (eds.), Perception Without Awareness: Cognitive, Clinical, and Social Perspectives. New York: Guilford.
     
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  37.  25
    Making Sausage.Philip M. Rosoff - 2016 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 6 (1):31-33.
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  38.  27
    Healthcare Rationing Cutoffs and Sorites Indeterminacy.Philip M. Rosoff - 2019 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 44 (4):479-506.
    Rationing is an unavoidable mechanism for reining in healthcare costs. It entails establishing cutoff points that distinguish between what is and is not offered or available to patients. When the resource to be distributed is defined by vague and indeterminate terms such as “beneficial,” “effective,” or even “futile,” the ability to draw meaningful boundary lines that are both ethically and medically sound is problematic. In this article, I draw a parallel between the challenges posed by this problem and the ancient (...)
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  39. Dynamics of Operational Systems: Markov and Queuing Processes.Philip M. Morse - 1961 - In Russell Lincoln Ackoff (ed.), Progress in operations research. New York,: Wiley. pp. 1.
     
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  40.  29
    Last Resort and Just War.Philip M. Mouch - 2006 - Public Affairs Quarterly 20 (3):235-246.
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  41.  13
    Can the Case Report Withstand Ethical Scrutiny?Philip M. Rosoff - 2019 - Hastings Center Report 49 (6):17-21.
    Since antiquity, doctors have employed case reports as an essential and ongoing part in communicating information about patients and their diseases to their colleagues and, at times, to the wider, nonmedical world. Given how useful case reports have been, a legitimate and persuasive argument could be made to retain them in modern medical literature. But there is an emerging problem with case reports. As the ability to publish and disseminate the information contained in them has become easier, the capacity for (...)
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  42.  37
    Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Caring for the Suffering: Meeting the Ebola Crisis Responsibly”.Philip M. Rosoff - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (4):W4 - W7.
    The current Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa appears to be spiraling out of control. The worst-case projections suggested that the unchecked spread could result in almost 1.4 million cases by the end of January 2015 with a case fatality rate of at least 50%. The United States and European nations have begun to respond in earnest with promises of supplies, isolation beds, and trained health care personnel in an effort to contain the epidemic and care for the sick. However, (...)
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  43.  33
    The use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray topography of phase transitions.J. Bordas, A. M. Glazer & H. Hauser - 1975 - Philosophical Magazine 32 (2):471-489.
  44.  24
    Compulsory Organ Retrieval: Morally, But Not Socially, Justified.Philip M. Rosoff - 2018 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27 (1):36-51.
    Abstract:The number of patients with organ failure who could potentially benefit from transplantation continues to exceed the available supply of organs. Despite numerous efforts to increase the number of donors, there remains an enormous mismatch between demand and supply. Large numbers of people still die with potentially transplantable organs remaining in situ, most frequently as a result of family objections. I argue that there are no persuasive moral arguments against mandated organ retrieval from all dead individuals who meet clinical criteria. (...)
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  45.  29
    On the Futility of Attempting to Demonstrate Null Awareness.Philip M. Merikle - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):412-412.
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  46.  19
    The chromosomal signal for sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans.Philip M. Meneely - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (11):945-948.
    In Caenorhabditis elegans, sex is determined by the number of X chromosomes which, in turn, determines the expression of the X‐linked gene xol‐1. Recent work(1) has shown that xol‐1 expression is controlled by least two distinct regulatory mechanisms, one transcriptional and another post‐transcriptional. The transcriptional regulator is a repressor acting in XX embryos; although the specific gene has not been identified, the chromosome region has been defined. A previously defined regulator of xol‐1, known as fox‐1, maps to a different region (...)
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  47.  41
    Conscious and unconscious processes: Same or different?Philip M. Merikle & Jim Cheesman - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):547-548.
  48. Iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.Philip M. Merikle & Eyal M. Reingold - unknown
    There are hundreds of indications leading us to conclude that at every moment there is in us an infinity of perceptions, unaccompanied by awareness or reflection; that is, of alterations in the soul itself, of which we are unaware because the impressions are either too minute or too numerous, or else too unvarying, so that they are not sufficiently distinctive on their own. But when they are combined with others they do nevertheless have their effect and make themselves felt, at (...)
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  49. Memory for events during anesthesia: A meta-analysis.Philip M. Merikle & M. Daneman - 1996 - In B. Bonke, J. G. Bovill & N. Moerman (eds.), Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia III. Van Gorcum.
  50. P€1`C€pt1OI1 w1tho\1t &W3.I`€1'1€SS''.Philip M. Merikle - unknown
    Many studies directed at demonstrating perception without awareness have relied on the dissociation paradigm. Although the logic underlying this paradigm is relatively straightforward, definitive results have been elusive in the absence of any general consensus as to what constitutes an adequate measure of awareness. We propose an alternative approach that involves comparisons of the relative sensitivity of comparable direct and indirect indexes of perception. The only assumption required by the proposed approach is that the sensitivity of direct discriminations to relevant (...)
     
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