ABSTRACT This paper intends to analyze Walter Benjamin’s critique of Heidegger’s habilitation thesis Duns Scotus’s Doctrine of Categories and Meaning. This objective will be carried out from a contrast between Heidegger’s thesis and the essay that Benjamin writes at the same time entitled On Language as Such and on the Language of Man. Likewise, the reasons that lead Benjamin to critically comment on Heidegger’s thesis will be studied from two perspectives: the problem of translation and the Heideggerian recovery of Neo-Kantianism. (...) Considering the rehabilitation of scholasticism and phenomenology at the beginning of the 20th century, an attempt will be made to reconstruct an implicit debate between the authors around 1916 to account for the distance between Heidegger’s logical conception of language and Benjamin’s theological conception of language. (shrink)

El dialeteísmo es la posición que afirma que hay contradicciones verdaderas. Este artículo versará sobre esa posición. En la primera sección, mencionaré los principales aportes que, en mi perspectiva, el dialeteísmo ha hecho a la lógica filosófica. En la segunda sección, analizaré el principal problema del dialeteísmo. En la tercera sección, mostraré que los argumentos a favor del dialeteísmo no llegan a establecer la verdad de esta posición. Finalmente, explicaré cuál es el tipo de paraconsistencia que considero adecuada y la (...) compararé con la posición dialeteísta. Dialetheism is the position which claims that there are true contradictions. This paper deals with this position. In the first section, I will mention the main contributions that, in my perspective, dialetheism has made to philosophical logic. In the second section, I will analyze the main problem of dialetheism. In the third section, I will show that the arguments in favor of dialetheism are not conclusive. Finally, I will explain which kind of paraconsistency I consider adequate, and I will compare it with the dialetheist position. (shrink)

Se buscó identificar las habilidades que debe tener un buen docente desde la percepción de futuros profesores. Se analizaron 1047 respuestas de estudiantes de pedagogía al ingresar a la universidad los años 2021 y 2022. Los resultados arrojan que los futuros profesores consideran el desarrollo de la ética y responsabilidad, la empatía y el manejo del comportamiento de los estudiantes en la sala de clases como las habilidades más importantes a desarrollar en la universidad. Se concluye que tener habilidades para (...) interactuar es más importante que el dominio conceptual para ser buen profesor según este grupo de futuros docentes. (shrink)

As cardiopatias congênitas são caracterizadas por anormalidade na estrutura cardiovascular, presente desde a vida fetal, sendo estimados 30 mil casos por ano, no Brasil. Apresentam alta taxa de mortalidade, requerendo, muitas vezes, hospitalizações, intervenções e cirurgias. É necessário atentar para necessidades das figuras maternas e paternas e suas formas de enfrentamento, pois fazem parte do suporte na recuperação da criança. Este estudo transversal objetivou identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas pelos pais, durante a hospitalização da criança, verificar se existe diferença (...) entre os gêneros. Foram avaliados 20 cuidadores, em acompanhamento ao filho hospitalizado para tratamento de cardiopatia congênita. Responderam questionário sociodemográfico e Escala de Enfrentamento de Problemas. Verificou-se que não há diferença na adoção de estratégias entre cuidadores materno e paterno, entretanto observou-se correlação entre fatores sociodemográficos e predominância do enfrentamento focado no problema e religiosidade. (shrink)

Genetic and other biotechnologies are starting to impact significantly upon society and individuals within it. Rose and Novas draw on an analysis of many patient groups to sketch out the broad notion of biocitizenship as a device for describing how the empowered and informed individual, group or network can engage with bioscience. In this paper, we examine critically the notion of biocitizenship, drawing on both sociological fieldwork that grounds the debate in the views of a large and varied group of (...) concerned actors. Using work within green politics, we identify shortcomings in the concept of biocitizenship as it has so far been explicated. The value assumptions lying behind an account of biocitizenship, and its tendency to see issues through a reductive lens, are examined. Alternative views of values and goals, which may undermine any alleged rights and duties, are explored using interviews and other ethnographic data that illustrates the complexity of the terrain. The reductive lens of biocitizenship is explored through contrast with the wider scope of concerns emanating from various sources, including many within green politics. If such complexities are not recognised, there is a danger that a concept of biocitizenship may serve to create and amplify inequalities. Problems with identity issues are key: the construction of identity is complex and many groups are explicitly rejecting the ‘biological’ label. We discuss the multiple relations of citizens with the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. Arguably, existing inequalities in power relationships, exploitation, commodification and ownership patterns are being perpetuated in novel ways through the new biosciences. We pose the question of whether it is possible to construct a concept of biocitizenship that overcomes these problems. (shrink)

A hipótese do artigo é que o dilema da constituição da representação política, que não tem por função refletir, mas interferir e operar uma unidade de “vontade política” a um povo ou uma nação, foi enfrentado pelos primeiros pensadores da representação moderna em diferentes contextos de grande transformação política e social: na Inglaterra absolutista no século XVII, por Thomas Hobbes, e na França pós-revolucionaria no século XVIII, pelo Abade Sieyès. O artigo procura identificar nos argumentos dos respectivos filósofos os primeiros (...) esforços teóricos sobre a representação moderna, através de uma comparação que evidencia dilemas e constrangimentos semelhantes em diferentes contextos teóricos. Um dos principais desafios da representação política, nos dois autores, permanece sendo a busca dos mecanismos capazes de transformar vontades dispersas e múltiplas de indivíduos numa só vontade unificada do corpo social. Embora os argumentos de legitimidade possam variar, para ambos os autores, a “vontade” do representante político é produto de uma elaboração conceitual e de uma produção racional que se dá com a constituição de um corpo, que no caso de Hobbes se dá com a criação do Estado, e em Sieyès com a representação nacional. (shrink)

Tentaremos analisar o riso burlesco, erótico e satírico da obra de Petrônio, característico da sátira menipéia e do conto milesiano, como nos atesta Enylton Sá Rego na obra O calundu e a panacéia:Machado de Assis, a sátira Menipéia e a tradição luciânica ( 1989) e, também, Ettore Paratore no livro História da literatura latina (1987). A incursão do riso no Satiricon segue um caminho erótico e libertino e, para embasar teoricamente essa questão, buscamos o estudo do filósofo francês Michel Foucalt (...) com sua História da Sexualidade3: o cuidado de si ( 1988) e de do historiador Paul Veyne em seu artigo o Império Romano Nosso objetivo é confrontar passagens significativas de Brás Cubas com passagens semelhantes do Satiricon, sob a perspectiva, ou seja, através da visão do narrador-personagem. Por meio do sério-cômico e do distanciamento do estilo sátira menipéia, mostraremos que mesmo destituídas de intenções moralizantes de forma direta, ambas as obras fazem uma crítica ao comportamento da sociedade. Por fim, ao tratar o riso de Petrônio e Machado como uma forma de crítica social velada, tentarei mostrar que a obra inserida na categoria de sátira menipeia não precisa satisfazer necessariamente um caráter prosimétrico, ou seja, ser uma mistura de prosa e verso - já que, dessa forma, Memórias Póstumas estaria totalmente fora do estilo - mas, sim, estar dentro de um viés cômico-crítico em relação a sociedade de sua época. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta un abordaje general de la teoría de la justicia social de John Rawls. Revisamos algunas críticas desde diversos frentes teóricos. Consideramos que la justicia social permite enjuiciar las consecuencias regresivas para la humanidad del capitalismo en su fase neoliberal y comenzar a imaginar otros mundos posibles.

Para além da filiação religiosa: religião, religiosidade e o panorama religioso em Ribeirão das Neves-MG, Brasil (Beyond the religious affiliation: religion, religiosity and the religious panorama in Ribeirão das Neves- MG, Brazil) DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n23p715 Conhecer o panorama religioso no nível nacional e ao longo do tempo pode ser considerado um privilégio do Brasil, cujos censos demográficos coletam informações a este respeito pelo menos desde 1940. No entanto, a literatura sugere que a filiação religiosa não é suficiente para entender o papel (...) da religião na vida dos indivíduos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar, através do exemplo de Ribeirão das Neves, MG-Brasil, a importância da religiosidade no panorama religioso. O estudo combina dados do Censo Demográfico de 2000 com informações sobre estudantes do Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual coletados pela Pesquisa Jovem, levando em consideração não apenas a filiação religiosa, mas também a frequência às cerimônias e da frequência com que se reza/ora fora das cerimônias religiosas. Os resultados do Censo 2000 sugerem que o município de Ribeirão das Neves é distinto de Minas Gerais e do Brasil no que tange à filiação religiosa. A inclusão da frequência às cerimônias e de medida de religiosidade no âmbito doméstico desvenda outros aspectos relativos à religião, sugerindo que ir além da filiação religiosa pode ajudar a compreender melhor a complexidade do panorama religioso. Palavras-chave : Religião. Religiosidade. Ensino Médio. Juventude. Ribeirão das Neves, BrasilKnowledge of the religious landscape over time and at the national level could be considered a privilege of Brazil. Brazilian demographic censuses have collected information related to religion since 1940. However, the literature suggests that religious affiliation is not sufficient for understanding the role of religion in the lives of individuals. Thus, the objective of this article is to show the importance of religiosity in the religious landscape, using the example of Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais. The study combines data from the Demographic Census of 2000 with information about high school students in the state-run, public school system collected by the Pesquisa Jovem (Youth Survey). The study takes into consideration not only religious affiliation, but also attendance at worship services and the frequency with which individuals pray outside of worship services. The results of the 2000 Census suggest that the municipality of Ribeirão das Neves is distinct from Minas Gerais and Brazil in relation to religious affiliation. The inclusion of attendance at worship ceremonies and a measurement of religiosity in the home reveal other aspects related to religion, suggesting that going beyond religious affiliation may help to better understand the complexity of the religious panorama. Key words : Religion. Religiosity. High School. Youth. Ribeirão das Neves, Brazil. (shrink)

In this essay, Paula McAvoy critiques a commonly held view that teaching young people to be good choice makers should be a central aim of sex education. Specifically, she argues against David Archard's recommendation that sex educators ought to focus on the development of autonomy and teaching young people that “choice should be accorded the central role in the legitimation of sexual conduct.” Instead, McAvoy argues that under conditions of gender inequality this view advantages boys and disadvantages girls. Juxtaposing (...) a case of a culturally arranged marriage with a spring break scene from Ariel Levy's Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture, McAvoy shows that focusing on sexual choice making obscures and reifies the unequal social conditions that young people navigate. She concludes by suggesting an alternative that is in line with Sharon Lamb's argument in “Just the Facts? The Separation of Sex Education from Moral Education” that intimate encounters are better governed by attending to our ethical obligations to others. (shrink)

Learning Two Ways: Some Notes about the Author Paula Underwood was born in Los Angeles in 1932. From her father she learned many traditions, some of which ...

The aim of the paper is to present the diachronic changes taking place in legal languages and discuss whether the translators, who for some reason use as an equivalent an obsolete term, may produce a target text which is communicatively ineffective. The research methods applied encompass: the parametric approach to the interlingual comparison of legal terminology for translation purposes, the analysis of pertinent literature on translation and translation errors, the analysis of comparable texts for the purpose of observing diachronic changes (...) in terminology. The diachronic change in terminology most frequently is the result of the amendments of legislation or repealing one act and replacing it with a new one. The terminological changes are especially frequent when the change in the political system occurs and the need appears to adjust the legal system to the new political ideology and principles. For that reason, the authors have analysed in detail three Polish acts on copyright enacted under three different political regimes that is to say (i) after the First World War when Poland regained independence after 123 years of occupation (Act of 29 March 1926 on Copyrights [Ustawa z dnia 29 marca 1926 r. o prawie autorskiem]), (ii) under the communist rule in Poland that lasted from 1945 until 1989 (Act of 10 July 1952 on Copyrights [Ustawa z dnia 10 lipca 1952 r. o prawie autorskim]), and finally (iii) after the collapse of communism in Poland and the period of transition into the democratic and free market society (Act on Copyrights and Related Rights of 4 February 1994 [Ustawa o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych z dnia 4 lutego 1994 roku]). Apart from the main Polish corpus of above-mentioned acts, the authors have also provided examples from some other languages to confirm that the diachronic changes take place everywhere and miscommunication problems resulting from using an obsolete term in translation may occur in any pair of languages. In the last part of the paper the problem of the scale of miscommunication resulting from the usage of obsolete terminology in the target text is discussed. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to discuss a selection of Japanese rape-related terminology and their potential equivalents in English and Polish. In this article the author will present an analysis of chosen rape-related terminology which is present in legislation and other legal texts, as well as in the media. Firstly, the definitions of selected terms will be provided; next, potential equivalents from the British, American, and Polish legal systems will be chosen in order to carry out comparative linguistic analysis. (...) Finally, conclusions will be drawn on whether there are near, partial, or no equivalents in the languages under scrutiny. (shrink)

Antonio Gramsci is one of the major social and political theorists of the 20th century whose work has had an enormous influence on several fields, including educational theory and practice. Gramsci and Education demonstrates the relevance of Antonio Gramsci's thought for contemporary educational debates. The essays are written by scholars located in different parts of the world, a number of whom are well known internationally for their contributions to Gramscian scholarship and/or educational research. The collection deals with a broad range (...) of topics, including schooling, adult education in general, popular education, workers' education, cultural studies, critical pedagogy, multicultural education, and the role of intellectuals in contemporary society. (shrink)

This short-longitudinal study analyzed the cross-sectional and longitudinal pathways linking adolescent’s quality of attachment to parents and peers and their practice of aggressive and prosocial behavior; it also explored the moderation effect of gender on those pathways. A total of 375 secondary school students, aged between 15 and 19 years old, completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and the Peer Experience Questionnaire - Revised twice, within a four-month gap. Using a path analyses approach, results showed that aggression and (...) prosocial behavior were the strongest predictors of themselves overtime. Attachment to mother had a cross-sectional effect on aggression and on prosocial behavior via attachment to peers, and attachment to peers predicted prosocial behavior; overall, the higher the quality of attachment, the lowest the practice of aggression and the highest the practice of prosocial behavior. These effects held stable for boys and girls, though gender-based differences were found in mean levels of attachment to peers and social behaviors. Even if other variables may be in place when understanding adolescents’ social behaviors, attachment to mother and peers also seem to play a relevant role in trying to achieve safer and more positive school climates. Suggestions on how to accomplish this are shortly discussed. (shrink)

ArgumentDuring the first half of the nineteenth century, the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle was both workplace and home to functionalist Georges Cuvier and morphologist Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, whose doctrinal differences became enmeshed with political dialogues regarding social reform. Surprisingly, the public not only viewed the arrangement of the collections in terms of the social platforms they were understood to be supporting, but critiqued the Muséum's buildings as expressions of their anatomical dispute. The Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 pushed these critiques forward, (...) suggesting to some observers that true reform of the natural sciences would begin by reforming the Muséum's architectural program, thereby placing the goals of Comparative Anatomy in correct relationship to human progress. (shrink)

History and Philosophy of Logic, Volume 32, Issue 2, Page 191-193, May 2011.

A partir de un texto de Arturo Andrés Roig, se propone un ejercicio reflexivo acerca de la dimensión antropológica del problema del ser y del tener. A través de la confrontación de dos relatos míticos pertenecientes a tradiciones diferentes, una de origen indoeuropeo y otra latinoamericana, se muestra la posibilidad de interpelar y replantear la pregunta por lo humano atendiendo a los principios de entidad y de tenencia que la atraviesan, de modo complejo, fáctica y axiológicamente. El artículo invita a (...) revisar los registros dualistas de los interrogantes antropológicos y abrir otras posibilidades desde los modos como los sujetos se objetivan y reconocen como tales a través de los diferentes discursos. Based on a text written by the philosopher Arturo Andrés Roig, we propose an exercise in order to analyze the anthropological dimension of the problem present in the essence of being and having. Taking into account the confrontation of two mythical tales belonging to different traditions, one from Indo-European origin, the other from Latin American origin, we suggest to reconsider and question the problem from a human point of view giving emphasis on the principles of being and having. The problem is studied in a factual and an axiological way. This article is an invitation to revise the dualist registers of anthropological questions and to open up to other possibilities as regards the ways in which subjects are objectified and recognized through different discourses. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to define the sentence-tokened—a product of utterance distinct from the act of utterance—and highlight the role that it can play in communication. In particular, the author will suggest that this entity is plausibly at the root of John MacFarlane’s motivating intuitions for the view that truth is assessment-sensitive. Here the author argues that the truth-value intuitions that MacFarlane uses to motivate his view can be accommodated within the Kaplanian semantic framework, once we acknowledge the (...) sentence-tokened and the role it can play. (shrink)