En el presente escrito indagamos en representaciones de docentes en torno a la experiencia de llevar adelante propuestas de filosofía con niños. Para ello, proponemos, primero, precisar las implicancias de lo que denominamos escenas filosóficas, definimos a la enseñanza de la filosofía como un problema filosófico y caracterizamos, luego, la práctica a partir de una polémica sobre su denominación de filosofía para niños o filosofía con niños. Para relevar estas representaciones, realizamos seis entrevistas en profundidad a docentes que tienen amplia (...) experiencia en esta práctica, y, a partir de un análisis de las entrevistas, ponemos el énfasis en la potencia de la reflexión sobre la experiencia. Recuperamos, en las narraciones, la revisión de la propia formación, de la idea de planificación y del modo en el que irrumpen las infancias. Por último, subrayamos el reconocimiento del carácter transformador del hacer filosofía con niños que relatan los docentes. (shrink)

This study aimed to determine the predictive character of organizational socialization and occupational positive mental health on organizational commitment in higher education teachers. A sample of 279 teachers from higher education institutions who signed an informed consent form was used. Fifty-four point five percent of the participants were women, with a mean age of 44.05 years. The participants completed the Organizational Socialization Inventory, the Positive Occupational Mental Health Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Scale, and for data analysis descriptive statistics, correlation (...) analysis and multiple linear regression with stepwise method were applied, entering each dimension of organizational commitment separately as a dependent variable. As a result, moderate to weak correlations were identified between the study variables, and it was found that the final models indicate that the future perspectives and socio-affective dimensions predict affective commitment by 38%; that future perspectives, spirituality and age predict normative commitment by 22.8%; and that the future perspectives dimension predicts commitment of continuity by 9.2%. It is concluded that teachers’ expectations about their development in the institution, as well as their interactions at the socio-affective and spiritual level with the work context, are factors that partially influence their attachment to the educational organization. (shrink)

Nonetheless, psychoanalytic feminist theory can offer a new interpretive strategy for deconstructing her equally famous opposition between the social and the ...

In this paper it is highlighted and argued that Boscovich’s natural sciences theory is so deeply rooted in metaphysics and pervaded by it, we can maintain that it is a distinctive example of sharp-­witted, clever and far­-reaching metaphysical natural philosophy. Critically engaging with the unsubstantiated denial of metaphysics and several centuries long attempts to overcome it, I demonstrate that by metaphysical thinking Boscovich arrived at his unique notion of attractive­repulsive force and gained insight into the structure of things, by which (...) he anticipated, among other things, the theory of relativity and quantum physics. Although Boscovich greatly and successfully used quantitative methods while solving problems from geodesy, astronomy, optics, civil engineering statistics, hydraulic engineering and other fields – the most important parts of his natural sciences legacy, which made him transpose several centuries, are supported by geometric intuition and carried out mainly by qualitative methods, that is, metaphysical speculation. Also, I explain how for the creation and development of electromagnetism it was crucial to describe electromagnetic phenomena using Boscovich’s unique law of force and his theory of the structure of matter, what was explicitly stated by the ‘father of electromagnetism’ James Clerk Maxwell. Boscovich would have never reached these ideas by the exact scientific method, only by metaphysically founded and guided ‘proper thinking’. (shrink)

This article examines the role of the Spanish Atomic Forum as the representative of the nuclear sector in the public arena during the golden years of the nuclear power industry from the 1960s to 1970s. It focuses on the public image concerns of the Spanish nuclear lobby and the subsequent information campaigns launched during the late 1970s to counteract demonstrations by the growing and heterogeneous anti-nuclear movement. The role of advocacy of nuclear energy by the Atomic Forum was similar to (...) that in other countries, but the situation in Spain had some distinguishing features. Anti-nuclear protest in Spain peaked in 1978 paralleling the debates of a new National Energy Plan in Congress, whose first draft had envisaged a massive nuclearization of the country. We show how the approval of the Plan in July 1979, with a significant reduction in the nuclear energy component, was influenced by the anti-nuclear protest movements in Spain. Despite the efforts of the Spanish Atomic Forum to counter its message, the anti-nuclear movement was strengthened by reactions to the Three Mile Island accident in March 1979. (shrink)

I argue that scientists should adopt a sexual orientation view that includes ‘internal’ sexual orientation markers such as desire, fantasies, and attraction, plus self-identification, and that these two markers should line up. By ‘internal’ markers, I mean inner states or processes of the agent. This can be contrasted with ‘external markers’, by which I mean, behaviours of the agent. I begin by critically reviewing four genetic studies of sexual orientation that are representative of the literature. I look at how each (...) of these studies deploy the concept of ‘sexual orientation’, and show a) that they are each using different notions, and b) that none of the notions are satisfactory. I argue that these accounts have a very limited amount of predictive and explanatory power. Following this, I outline what an account of sexual orientation that has more predictive and explanatory power might look like. I argue that this account will be one that includes internal markers and self-identification. (shrink)

Se realizó la revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de que los jóvenes profesionales de la salud conozcan acerca de la historia, origen y significado del distintivo que representa a la Medicina en todos sus campos con un carácter humanista y elevados valores éticos y morales: el emblema de Esculapio, al que se le atribuyen dotes para calmar o apaciguar. Esta imagen del bastón con la serpiente es la que ha quedado como un atributo del dios curativo y ha llegado hasta (...) la actualidad como símbolo de la Medicina. The literature review was made in order to young health professionals know about the history, origin and meaning of the emblem that represents the Medicine in all fields with humanist and high ethical values and moral character : the Aesculapius emblem, the feats attributed to him to calm or appease. This image of the snake with the cane has remained as a healing attribute of God and has come to the present as a symbol of medicine. (shrink)

This essay conceptualizes the intersections between contemporary catastrophes and political life by exploring how narratives of catastrophe mediate discursive and objective processes of catastrophization. It argues for the need to counteract catastrophization, a discursive and objective political phenomenon, by not only re-cognizing how catastrophes impinge on political life but by offering a more critical understanding of this intersection. The essay thus calls for the politicization of catastrophe as a response to the “catastrophization of political life.” Apropos of these concerns, it (...) engages with Habermas in order to explore how his political theory and interventions illustrate important aspects of the intersections between narratives of catastrophe and contemporary political life, say, how discursive catastrophization leads to the misrecognition of objective modalities of catastrophe. Overall, this essay offers an account of how to conceptualize catastrophe and catastrophization in order to articulate the broad contours of a political theory of catastrophe. (shrink)

In this paper, we discuss the prevailing view amongst philosophers and many mathematicians concerning mathematical proof. Following Cellucci, we call the prevailing view the “axiomatic conception” of proof. The conception includes the ideas that: a proof is finite, it proceeds from axioms and it is the final word on the matter of the conclusion. This received view can be traced back to Frege, Hilbert and Gentzen, amongst others, and is prevalent in both mathematical text books and logic text books.

This book seeks to arrive at a better understanding of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of time. It discusses the existence of fluent time, a controversial concept in many areas, from philosophy to physics. Fluent time is understood as directional time with a past, a present and a future. We experience fluent time in our lives and we adopt a temporal perspective in our ways of knowing and acting. Nevertheless, the existence of fluent time has been debated (...) for both philosophical and scientific reasons, thus creating a rift between the subjective and objective aspects of time. Starting from the basic notion of points of view, or perspectives, this book explores the relationships between objective or external time, as it has been conceptualized by science, and subjective or internal time, which is involved in our lived experiences. It establishes a general framework encompassing the nature, structure and mode of existence of points of view, in which the objective and subjective aspects of time can be integrated. The book mainly addresses researchers and postgraduates in philosophy and logic. Additionally, it offers inspiration for physicists and computer scientists involved in the modeling and simulation of complex behaviors for which the representation of internal time should be considered together with the notion of objective, external time. (shrink)

While the term ‘nihilism’ has become increasingly widespread throughout the past two centuries, not only in academic discourses but in popular culture more widely, there is a surprising lack of con...

In this paper Michael Vazquez and Dustin Webster consider the practice of deliberating about ethical case studies as a means to contribute to the professional development of educators. An ongoing debate is whether or not the study of ethical theory should be included in this practice. Vazquez and Webster argue that a popular strategy, known as the Phronetic Approach, is vulnerable to what they call “epistemic blinders” that arise in the absence of the scaffolding provided by theory. They then sketch (...) an alternative approach to case-based reasoning inspired by Barbara Herman's notion of middle theory. The middle theory approach naturally suggests a balanced method for using case studies in teacher professional development: expose educators to some theory, but only to the degree and at the level appropriate for the specific audience and in light of how frequent interactions with that audience will be. (shrink)

A partir de la crítica que Franz Hinkelammert emite al pensamiento trascendental-abstracto, el cual ostenta y soporta a la modernidad iluminista-capitalista a través de sus ciencias empíricas: derecho, economía, sociología, se ha realizado este texto. Éste resalta las repercusiones del pensamiento en la realidad histórica, de ahí que junto a Hinkelammert y la tradición del pensamiento crítico se considera que pensamiento-contexto social e histórico se implican e influyen entre sí. Por otro lado, el pensamiento trascendental-abstracto de la modernidad iluminista-capitalista ha (...) encubierto la realidad histórica, por ello sólo expone y mienta lo que le permite sostenerse y reproducirse en la historia. Asimismo, la crítica al pensamiento trascendental-abstracto no supone la renuncia respecto a la razón, sino preponderantemente la superación de una de sus formas, o sea, la versión científica-tecnológica. Así pues, criticar y superar la razón moderna iluminista-capitalista tiene por objetivo vislumbrar-proponer otras formas de reproducir la vida, mismas que no requieran la explotación y la violencia sistemática para persistir históricamente. (shrink)

El tópico de la curación por la palabra aparece en la obra del monje filósofo del siglo IV, Evagrio Póntico, con distintas modulaciones. Recogiendo una herencia clásica, el pensador del Ponto atribuye a la palabra un poder para modificar disposiciones psíquicas. Entre los caminos por los cuales esta potencia curativa de la palabra puede actualizarse, hay uno de particular relevancia que parece atender a la naturaleza más profunda de lo que el mismo Evagrio considera la enfermedad propia del alma. Nos (...) referimos a la palabra proferida por quien es llamado, en el pensamiento evagriano, “gnóstico”. La palabra del gnóstico, en efecto, parece ser pensada por Evagrio en un contexto terapéutico en la medida que puede contribuir decisivamente a la cura de la ignorancia de sí. (shrink)

El presente artículo intenta ofrecer un marco documental para la discusión sobre la estructura cosmológica de Ferecides de Siros. Partiendo de la polémica entre quienes le adjudican un cosmograma quinario y aquellos que lo interpretan septenario, proponemos un recorrido por las antiguas doctrinas cosmológicas quinarias, tanto griegas como orientales, a fin de explorar su recurrencia y variedad. Se constata que la disputa religiosa entre los apologetas del cinco y los del siete existía ya en la antigüedad, pudiendo haber afectado a (...) la lectura que los doxógrafos hicieron entonces de la obra de Ferecides. Se expone la teoría de Nick Allen sobre la existencia de una «ideología pentádica» indoeuropea y se critica su sesgo idealista (pitagórico en la línea de Dumézil). Finalmente, se suscribe la hipótesis del origen «protogeométrico» de muchos de estos mapas ontológicos quinarios y se recapitulan las posibles referencias que manejaba el maestro de Pitágoras cuando ideó su teogonía. (shrink)

I defend, against its more recent critics, a literal, factual, and consistent interpretation of Timaeus’ creation of the cosmos and time. My main purpose is to clarify the assumptions under which a literal interpretation of Timaeus’ cosmology becomes philosophically attractive. I propose five exegetical principles that guide my interpretation. Unlike previous literalists, I argue that assuming a “pre-cosmic time” is a mistake. Instead, I challenge the exegetical assumptions scholars impose on the text and argue that for Timaeus, a mere succession (...) of events and the relations derived from it (before, after, simultaneous with) imply no time, given the narrow definition of the term used in the dialogue. For Timaeus, I explain, time is measurable, regular, and dependent on the motion of the celestial bodies. A mere succession of events like the one needed to understand the creation story and the pre-cosmos requires none of these elements. Readers of Plato erroneously assume that a succession of events implies time, but that is to impose a conception of time absent in the text. The chapter offers a detailed reconstruction of the pre-cosmic stage under a literalist interpretation and argues how it is compatible with the immutable relationship between the Demiurge and the cosmos. -/- This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. chapter 4. (shrink)

Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have turned to ethics to theorize politics in what seems to be an increasingly depoliticized age. Yet the move toward ethics has obscured the ongoing value of political responsibility and the vibrant life it represents as an effective response to power. Sounding the alarm for those who care about robust forms of civic engagement, this book fights for a new conception of political responsibility that meets the challenges of today's democratic practice. Antonio Y. (...) Vázquez-Arroyo forcefully argues against the notion that modern predicaments of power can only be addressed ethically or philosophically through pristine concepts that operate outside of the political realm. By returning to the political, the individual is reintroduced to the binding principles of participatory democracy and the burdens of acting and thinking as a member of a collective. Vázquez-Arroyo historicizes the ethical turn to better understand its ascendence and reworks Adorno's dialectic of responsibility to reassert the political in contemporary thought and theory. (shrink)

This article examines what constitutes an ethical flaw in artworks and asks which ethical flaws are relevant in determining works. ethical and aesthetic values. I argue that while most of the discussion has simply taken for granted that it is intrinsic ethical flaws that should be taken into account, there are further important differences in the type of intrinsic ethical flaws that artworks display. I identify two different types of ethical defects in artworks, fictional and actual, and argue that this (...) distinction has important consequences for debates surrounding the ethical value of works of fiction. (shrink)

Las batallas de gallos en el estilo libre son competiciones que estimulan la creatividad lingüística de los participantes y los elementos y recursos poéticos son ampliamente utilizados para mejorar sus puntuaciones en la competición.Metodológicamente, esta investigación muestra qué son las figuras retóricas fonológicas, cómo se emplean estos recursos en la elaboración de los mensajes realizados por los raperos y se explica cómo el uso de licencias y recurrencias fonológicas y licencias métricas son integradas con el fin de crear un discurso (...) persuasivo y ornamentado, complementando la base musical sobre la que han de crear el discurso. (shrink)

Cognitive mechanisms are based in organisms’biology, and results from biological studies suggest that there is unlikely to be a single mechanism for reorienting or for combining information across modules or domains. Rather, there are likely to be multiple, partly overlapping systems for accomplishing nearly all cognitive and behavioral goals, as is the case for biological mechanisms more generally.

This article explores the socio-discursive competence of young children in Galician pre-schools. In particular, it deals with the way in which children – aged from 2;10 to 4;05 years – combine embodied actions and verbal resources to co-narrate stories with peers and adults. Using an audiovisual corpus of naturally occurring interactions, we have conducted a qualitative and multimodal analysis, observing how children react to diverse footings and negotiate participation frameworks in multiparty interactions. The findings suggest three progressive stages in the (...) development of socio-discursive competence in which children use different strategies: the stage of interactive proto-narrations, the stage of collaborative narrations and the stage of polyphonic monologue narrations. Our detailed examination reveals a progressive increase in the diversity of the participation frameworks represented by children, as well as in the complexity of the multimodal resources they use, and a rise in children’s grammatical repertoire linked to an improvement in children’s pragmatic skills. (shrink)

Latin America is one of the most unequal continents in the world. This inequality translates into marked limitations in the possibilities of having a decent life for a high percentage of the population. Within the groups that are affected, women are undoubtedly even more so, because, in addition to shared economic and social inequalities with other vulnerable groups, they face discrimination based on gender. In Latin America, political protest has been undertaken by women who wish to denounce and abate the (...) injustices of which they are victims. These struggles have been analyzed by different thinkers. For the most part, feminist theories deal with the struggle of women against the oppressive behavior of patriarchy from the State or society. Others highlight the ability of women to contribute to social changes from socially accepted roles such as mothers, daughters, wives. These approaches ignore the difficulties experienced by female activists within the political mobilization. In this essay then we seek to document, analyze, and theorize about the patriarchal practices suffered by women activists - qua women- within the social organizations in Ciudad Juárez, as well as the forms of resistance they have opposed. (shrink)

What kind of inquiry is management science? This paper compares two accounts — realist-oriented and constructivist-oriented — and proposes a third position. The realist view that scientific inquiry seeks knowledge of realities independent and outside of the knowing process is set against the constructivist view that scientific theorising creates accounts which develop our discourses without claiming knowledge of ‘deeper’ realities. It argues that ultimately we have no way of resolving this long-standing dispute. To move beyond the impasse it proposes a (...) trusting constructivist position, arguing that responsible theorising requires that inquirers develop discursive accountability and that the process of inquiry matters as much as its content. Finally it explores what such a view of accountability would mean for the relationship between scientists or ‘professionals’ and users of their research findings in organisations. (shrink)

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de ejemplificar los modos de actuación en el trabajo metodológico interdisciplinario que respondan a la formación académica, laboral e investigativa de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, desde una concepción intra e interdisciplinaria, rectorada por la disciplina Informática Médica. Se elaboraron propuestas de tareas docentes problematizadoras desde una estrategia metodológica a partir de la planificación que cada asignatura del año debe diseñar, las que permitieron (...) la realización de trabajos investigativos por los estudiantes en cada semestre del curso escolar, en las que se combinaron de manera creciente los contenidos y los diversos métodos teóricos y prácticos de las unidades curriculares del plan de estudio de las asignaturas Informática Médica, Metodología de la Investigación, Educación Física, Psicología General y Medicina General Integral como disciplina rectora en la carrera, influyendo en la formación de un profesional más competente. Determining a mode of on-the-job acting interdisciplinary methodologic that the intra answer to Camagüey's academic, labor and investigating formation of the students of the carrier of Medicine of Ciencias Médicas's Faculty, from a conception and interdisciplinary, manager for Information-Technology Medical discipline, he identified the objective of this work. The problem from a strategy elaborated bidding of teaching tasks themselves methodologic as from the planning that he must design each subject of study of the year, the ones that permitted the realization of investigating works for students in each semester of the school year, in the ones that combined of increasing manner the contentses and various theoretic methods themselves and pilots of units curriculares of the curriculum of Information-Technology Medical subjects of study, Methodology of Investigation, Physical Education, Psicología General and Medicine General Integral like ruling discipline in the carrier influencing a more competent professional's formation. (shrink)

El pensamiento está relacionado con un modo de ser. La forma de pensar que privilegia la ciencia pasa por alto el contexto, pareciera que eso es irrelevante, pues se cree que el pensamiento está alejado de la realidad natural e histórica. Sin embargo, el cómo se piensa incide en la relación que los sujetos mantienen con las cosas, los objetos, las situaciones y también entre sí. La razón moderna en cuanto científica y dominante, no sólo ha permitido el desarrollo técnico, (...) también objetualiza lo diferente a sí misma, ese es el punto desde el cual filosofa Esther Díaz, dicho filosofar es recuperado e interpretado en este documento. La crítica a la ciencia en cuanto dominante y unívoca no invalida a los conocimientos dados a partir de ella, no se aboga por una clausura de la razón, sino que se confía en ella, siempre y cuando, sea capaz de abrirse a las distintas perspectivas. La apertura repercutiría a nivel político, en el sentido de que los sujetos se curarían del delirio de la dominación. El filosofar de Esther invita a ser libres, afrontar la vida con lucidez y pasión. (shrink)

El presente estudio procura examinar un aspecto del tópico general “Enfermedad y terapéutica del alma” en el pensador del Ponto. El aspecto que –en el marco de dicho tópico– nos interesa abordar aquí es el referente al reconocimiento evagriano de la capacidad confutatoria de la palabra como recurso terapéutico frente a la enfermedad del alma. La palabra tiene, para nuestro autor, una potencialidad terapéutica que puede ser actualizada por el llamado “gnóstico”. Éste, que conoce por experiencia el desorden de los (...) pensamientos y pasiones inherente al alma caída, puede y debe aportar una palabra que cura al desenmascarar y desarticular el núcleo pasional subyacente. El gnóstico es, además, un puente entre el alma enferma y la Palabra sagrada permitiendo que aquélla se vea en ésta configurando –bajo su influjo– su mundo cognitivo y afectivo. (shrink)

Resumen Los enfoques tradicionales en el estudio de la comunión fática han examinado el concepto en términos de la función social, la función del lenguaje así como su ocurrencia en las etapas iniciales y de cierre de una interacción. Intentos por clasificar la comunión fática en términos universalistas predeterminados corrieron el riesgo de alejarse del concepto de entendimientos cotidianos donde interactuantes emplean el uso del lenguaje dinámico para lograr los objetivos de comunicación específicos en contextos particulares. Los enfoques contemporáneos tratan (...) de redefinir la comunión fática en términos interpersonales. La investigación sobre el uso del lenguaje fático en América Latina ha sido muy limitada, con contadas excepciones. Con la finalidad de investigar el tema en el contexto mexicano, donde todavía se considera en términos convencionales, examinamos un corpus formado por 92 instancias de comunión fática, recabadas en Guadalajara, México. Sostenemos que en el corpus antes aludido se emplea la comunión fática a fin de expresar y destacar la cortesía positiva en maneras poco convencionales, dado que el término tiene un alcance muy amplio en el que abarca: la anticortesía, el uso del lenguaje creativo, los juegos lingüísticos, la ironía, y los anglicismos. (shrink)

Comentaré algunas ideas de Ermanno Vitale en torno a los problemas de migración, ciudadanía y fronteras a partir de cuatro textos, además del que hoy nos reúne en esta mesa “Ciudadanía y migrantes. Un ejercicio analítico”. El primero de ellos apareció en una estupenda compilación que preparó Pedro Salazar con el título Derechos y paz. Destinos individuales y colectivos, correspondiente al capítulo V del libro. Este último capítulo anticipa el segundo de los textos, su exquisito libro Ius migrandi, que será (...) objeto de comentarios en la mesa del próximo jueves. (shrink)

Resumen El 30 de agosto de 2010 la Policía Federal mexicana detuvo a uno de los capos del narcotráfico más buscados del momento, Édgar Valdez Villarreal, “La Barbie”. Durante los primeros días de septiembre la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública difundió en los medios de comunicación masiva fragmentos de una entrevista al detenido realizada el 31 de agosto, que seguía un formato en apariencia oficial e institucional. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la entrevista a modo de protocolo en términos (...) del mecanismo de la interacción verbal entre el entrevistador y el entrevistado y reflexionar acerca de dicho formato según el modelo jurídico de la entrevista policiaca, así como de la configuración de la identidad del entrevistado por parte de la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública. Se caracteriza esta entrevista policiaca desde tres perspectivas: una jurídica, en materia penal, una pragmática, de acuerdo con los parámetros conversacionales propios de cualquier interacción verbal y de los conceptos de fachada, identidad y estigma en la presentación de la persona, y una gramatical, respecto de las formas de las preguntas en las entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Se reflexiona acerca de la difusión de este material en los medios de comunicación como estrategia de propaganda política. (shrink)