Training in scientific integrity continues to be an important topic in universities and other research institutions. Its main goal is to prevent scientific misconduct and promote good scientific practice. However, there is still no consensus on how scientific integrity should be taught. Moreover, the perspective of those who receive such training is often underrepresented. Yet it is precisely their interests and needs that must be considered when developing educational programs. Against this backdrop, we conducted a mixed-methods study with the goal (...) of capturing students’ perspectives on the teaching of scientific integrity. Using our online Scientific Integrity course, we explore what specific aspects of digital teaching on scientific integrity are valued, and explore other topics of interest from students’ perspectives on scientific integrity. The article presents (1) students’ self-assessment before (Q1) and after (Q2) taking the online Scientific Integrity course at the RWTH Aachen University in Germany (2) students’ feedback on the course format, video, exam, organization, and support (Q2) (3) a list of other topics of interest in the area of scientific integrity (Q2). The research outcomes demonstrate an improvement in the study participants’ self-assessment after following the online course and there is a general satisfaction among the students in regard to the course digital format and its components although a desire to have more exchange and discussion was expressed. Further topics of interest in the area of scientific integrity that study participants would like to learn about have a practical appeal and among others include research pressure, examples of applications, preventive measures, theory of science, citation rules, funding of university research. Although the results relate to our course, they provide insight into students’ perspectives on online teaching of scientific integrity. Thus, they may be helpful to higher education institutions developing online courses on scientific integrity that are tailored to university students. (shrink)

The idea that a lost chance could be a harm generating recovery is relevant for cases of unclear causation. This article examines that idea explaining it as being conceptually based on the common linguistic separation between changes and final events. The idea of a lost change establishes changes as legal rights which constitute limits against tracing hypothetical consequences, where it is principally impossible to establish a causal connection between a damaging event and a finally suffered injury or loss. This article (...) claims that both English and German law should generally accept the idea of a lost chance. It aims to show, however, that this is not due to epistemic or logical ('philosophical') reasons, but to normative legal considerations. The idea of a lost chance makes it possible to overcome structural difficulties of the present law which are shown by comparing the similar deficiencies of the totally different German and English legal answers to problematic cases of unclear causation. (shrink)

Şiddet varoluşumuzun temelini oluşturan en önemli niteliklerdendir. Fransız düşünce tarihinde önemli bir yer tutan Walter Benjamin’in tarih kavramı üzerinden ele aldığı şiddet insanın doğal yaşamdan yerleşik yaşama, hukukun egemenliği altına girmesini temellendirmektedir. Ancak yasa, aynı zamanda egemenin tasavvurundadır. Bu nedenle zamanla yozlaşmaya açıktır. Benjamin bu yozlaşmanın bir karşı çıkışla, Mesiyanik bir şiddetle sona ereceğini ifade etmektedir. Hukuksal şiddet insanları tek tip kılarken, Mesiyanik şiddet daha kişisel bir formdadır. Benjamin’e göre burada yasa koyucu ve yasa koruyucu şiddetin uygulandığı insan kırılma anlarında (...) kendini bulmaktadır. Bu ifadeden yola çıkarak metinde Benjamin’in tarihin yıkıntıları arasında koşturduğunu söylediği çocuğa istinaden çocuksu bir şiddet formunu oluşturmak ve bunu temellendirmek metnin esas amacıdır. Bu çocuksu biçim, içkin şiddet olarak kavramsallaştırılmakta ve kişinin sorgulama ve itirazla kendi benliğini oluşturmasını temellendirmektedir. Böyle bir insan zaman ve mekanda kesinti yaratarak, toplumda kendini ortaya koyduğu yeni bir alan açmaktadır. Çocuksu içkin şiddet anın durduğu, zamanın askıya alındığı ve yasanın içinde bir gedik açılan ana denk gelmektedir. Bu fotoğrafla benzer bir etkiye sahiptir. Fotoğraf sanatı toplum ve yasanın içinde ve dışında, görülen ve görülmeyenin arasında bir yerdedir. Çocuksu içkin şiddeti uygulayan insan da diğerlerine göre barbar ve yabancı hale gelerek ne içeride ne dışarıda bulunmaktadır. Kısaca bütün akışı askıya almaktadır. Metinde bu durumu örneklemek için Ori Gerscht’in yıkımı konu alan fotoğrafları kullanılacaktır. (shrink)

The importance of seminal plasma in fertilization was appreciated as early as 1677 and would thus hardly seem a source for the search of antibacterial agents. The observation that seminal plasma had the ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in 1940 led to a systematic search for molecules possessing antimicrobial activity in addition to factors that might have a role in reproductive physiology. Extensive investigations led to the discovery in bovine seminal fluid of a 47‐residue peptide, possessing potent antimicrobial (...) activity as well as calcium transport modulatory properties in bovine sperm. We describe in this article the two, apparently unrelated, biological activities of this peptide. (shrink)

1. Las mocedades de Ortega y Gasset -- 3. Filosofía y educación -- 5. Ensayos de filosofía moderna y contemporánea.

Dostoevskiĭ i ego khristianskoe miroponimanie -- T︠S︡ennostʹ i bytie -- Bog i mirovoe zlo.