In this age of DNA computers and artificial intelligence, information is becoming disembodied even as the "bodies" that once carried it vanish into virtuality. While some marvel at these changes, envisioning consciousness downloaded into a computer or humans "beamed" _Star Trek_-style, others view them with horror, seeing monsters brooding in the machines. In _How We Became Posthuman,_ N. Katherine Hayles separates hype from fact, investigating the fate of embodiment in an information age. Hayles relates three interwoven stories: how information lost (...) its body, that is, how it came to be conceptualized as an entity separate from the material forms that carry it; the cultural and technological construction of the cyborg; and the dismantling of the liberal humanist "subject" in cybernetic discourse, along with the emergence of the "posthuman." Ranging widely across the history of technology, cultural studies, and literary criticism, Hayles shows what had to be erased, forgotten, and elided to conceive of information as a disembodied entity. Thus she moves from the post-World War II Macy Conferences on cybernetics to the 1952 novel _Limbo_ by cybernetics aficionado Bernard Wolfe; from the concept of self-making to Philip K. Dick's literary explorations of hallucination and reality; and from artificial life to postmodern novels exploring the implications of seeing humans as cybernetic systems. Although becoming posthuman can be nightmarish, Hayles shows how it can also be liberating. From the birth of cybernetics to artificial life, _How We Became Posthuman_ provides an indispensable account of how we arrived in our virtual age, and of where we might go from here. (shrink)

Teoría de la educación/J.García Carrasco.-v.1.

Mongolian philosophy in the post-communism period.

On semantics and the process of word-generated knowledge in Hindu philosophy.

Bu makale, hicrî II. ve VIII. asırlar arasında yaşayıp sahâbe ya da tâbiîn neslinden olduğunu iddia eden yalancı râvilerin nakillerinin hadis tarihi içerisindeki etkisini avâlî türü eserler üzerinden ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu kişilerin yalan söylediği asıl konu ömür süreleri olduğundan, isnad sisteminde kendilerine bir yer edinebildilerse öncelikle bunun etkisinin isnadı kısa olan rivayetlerde görünmesi beklenmektedir. Bu vesileyle çalışmada uzun bir ömür sürmenin âlî isnada etkisi belirlendikten sonra normal bir insan ömrünün çok üzerinde yaşadığını ileri süren on altı kişinin hayatı (...) ve iddiaları tabakat türü eserlerden incelenecektir. Sonra bu râvilerin nakilleri hicrî V. ve IX. asırlar arasında telif edilen yirmi avâlî türü eser içerisinden tespit edilecektir. Böylelikle uzun yaşadığını söyleyerek âlî isnad sahibi olduğunu ima eden kişilerin bu tür rivayetler arasında ne kadar yer edinebildiği ortaya konulacaktır. (shrink)

La filosofía, la ciencia, y el desarrollo económico, por F. Salmerón.--Matemáticas puras y aplicadas, por J. Adem.

1. Las mocedades de Ortega y Gasset -- 3. Filosofía y educación -- 5. Ensayos de filosofía moderna y contemporánea.

N Blake, P Standish; Preface, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 34, Issue 1, 16 December 2002, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00168.

Originally published in 1963, this classic book is a rethinking of the history of Western political philosophy. Charles N. R. McCoy contrasts classical-medieval principles against the "hypotheses" at the root of modern liberalism and modern conservativism. In Part I, "The Classical Christian Tradition from Plato to Aquinas," the author lays the foundation for a philosophical "structure" capable of producing "constitutional liberty." Part II, "The Modern Theory of Politics from Machiavelli to Marx," attempts to show, beginning with Machiavelli, the reversal and (...) destruction of the pre-modern "structure" postulated in Part I. McCoy stresses the great contributions of Aristotle to political thought found in his more familiar Ethics and Politics, but also includes key insights drawn from Metaphysics and Physics. These contributions are developed and perfected, McCoy argues, by Augustine and Aquinas. Two other important features include McCoy's epistemological insights into Plato's work that will be new to many readers and the author's juxtaposition of traditional natural law with "the modernized theory of natural law." The modern account of autonomous natural law, in McCoy's view, helps explain the totalitarian direction of key aspects of modern political thought. This classic volume on the origins of modern philosophical thought remains a standard in the field. (shrink)