Introduction: During their education process, nursing undergraduates experience ethical conflicts and dilemmas that can lead to moral distress. Moral distress can deprive the undergraduates of their working potential and may cause physical and mental health problems. Objective: We investigated the experiences of the undergraduates in order to identify the existence of moral distress caused by ethical conflict and dilemmas experienced during their nursing education. Ethical considerations: This study was designed according to the principles of research with human beings and was (...) approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Method: A qualitative multiple-case study. Two federal higher education institutions were surveyed, from which 58 undergraduates in nursing participated in the study. The undergraduates were undergoing their professional training. The data were collected through focus groups and were submitted to thematic content analysis, with the resources of the ATLAS TI 7.0 software. Results: Moral distress in undergraduates is a reality and was identified in three axes of analysis: (1) moral distress is experienced by undergraduates in the reality of healthcare services, (2) the teacher as a source of moral distress, and (3) moral distress as a positive experience. Conclusion: The undergraduates in nursing manifest moral distress in different stages of their education, particularly during their professional training. The academic community should reflect and seek solutions for the reality of moral distress in undergraduates. (shrink)

A reacção anti-positivista, não assumindo a uniformidade ou quase uniformidade da concepção de que se dizia antagonista, não deixou de assumir posição destacada, estando na origem do renascimento especulativo no nosso país nas duas últimas centúrias Merece, assim, ser estudada seriamente O positivismo foi uma corrente filosófica nos finais do século XIX, de tal modo dominante que se tornou uma espécie de moda Penetrou, profundamente, nos es elecimentos de ensino, no jornalismo, na política, recebendo, em certos planos, uma aberta consagração (...) legal Não parece de estranhar que despertasse a resposta crítica de adversários relevantes, que não estavam dispostos a aceitar-lhes passivamente as directrizes. (shrink)

RESENHA: DOMEZI, Maria Cecilia. Deus em guerra e pacto na América Latina colonial. São Paulo: Idéias & Letras, 2015. A autora revisita a Conquista Espiritual sob a ótica da luta dos deuses no continente Latino Americana.

ESTUDOS SOBRE O PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO DE ANTÓNIO JOSÉ DE BRITO Quem haja seguido com compreensiva e valorativa atenção o percurso da reflexão filosófica portuguesa no último quarto do século XX, não poderá ter deixado de reconhecer o destacado lugar que nele ocupa a obra de António José de Brito, Professor Catedrático jubilado da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, pelo exigente rigor, coerência sistemática e originalidade do seu pensamento de cariz dialéctico, desenvolvido a partir da (...) noção principial de Insuperável, bem como a inteligência e penetração hermenêuticas que sempre revelam os seus estudos e ensaios sobre diversos filósofos portugueses O presente Volume reúne não só os textos das comunicações no Colóquio de Homenagem ao ilustre filósofo e mestre portuense, como contém outros textos sobre o seu pensamento, de individualidades que, embora impossibilitadas de nele participar, quiseram associar-se a esta homenagem, como igualmente, na ula Gratulatória, uma série de outros nomes que a esta homenagem se quiseram igualmente associar. (shrink)

Background: Chronic Pain (CP) has serious medical and social consequences, and leads to economic burden that threatens the sustainability of healthcare services. Thus, optimized management of pain tools to support CP patients in adjusting to their condition and improving quality of life is timely. Although Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is considered an evidence-based psychological approach for CP, evidence for the efficacy of online-delivered ACT for CP is still scarce. At the same time, studies suggest that self-compassion mediates the change (...) in disability and psychopathological symptoms in ACT interventions for CP, although self-compassion is not a specific target in ACT. Thus, an explicit focus on self-compassion might increase the efficacy of ACT interventions for CP, although this hypothesis has not been tested. This study aims to develop an eHealth ACT and compassion-based self-management intervention for CP, the iACTwithPain, and to compare its efficacy in improving health outcomes to a similar ACT-only intervention and a waiting list group. Methods: The eHealth platform that will host the interventions will be developed using a flat design identity and will be interactive. The iACTwithPain intervention will comprise 8 weekly self-management sessions, and will be developed taking into consideration the psychological flexibility model applied to CP, with the addition of explicit compassion-based components. To analyse whether the iACTwithPain intervention will present superiority in improving CP’s impact and related health markers over the two other conditions, this study will follow a RCT design with three arms. CP patients will be recruited through direct contact with patient associations and healthcare services and a national press release in Portugal. Outcome measurement will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention and at 3- and 6-months follow-ups. The interventions’ acceptability will also be assessed. Discussion: The iACTwithPain intervention is expected to improve CP patients’ psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and empowerment, by promoting adaptive disease management and regulation of pain-related internal experiences. Results will contribute to a better understanding on the pertinence of adding compassion elements to ACT for CP and to reach an optimized intervention for CP. (shrink)

BackgroundThis pilot study aims to test the usability of the iACTwithPain platform, an online ACT-based intervention for people with chronic pain, to obtain information on which intervention and usability aspects need improvement and on expected retention rates.MethodsSeventy-three Portuguese women with chronic pain were invited to complete the first three sessions of the iACTwithPain intervention assess their quality, usefulness and the platform’s usability. Twenty-one accepted the invitation. Additionally, eight healthcare professionals working with chronic medical conditions assessed the platform and the intervention (...) from a practitioner’s point of view.ResultsThis study presented a considerable attrition rate (71.43%) among chronic pain participants, with six completers. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical variables between dropouts and completers except for completed education (participants who dropped out presented less education than completers). Reasons for dropout were related to difficult personal events occurring during the time of the intervention, lack of time, or having forgotten. There seemed to be an overall satisfaction with both the intervention, its contents and form of presentation of information, and the platform, concerning its design, appearance, and usability. Real image videos were preferred over animations or audio by chronic pain participants. Healthcare professionals emphasized the appealing and dynamic aspects of the animation format.ConclusionThis study informs the ongoing improvement of the iACTwithPain platform and provides valuable information on aspects researchers should consider while developing online psychological interventions for chronic pain. Further implications are discussed. (shrink)

Two seemingly contradictory aspects have marked art’s appreciation – and aesthetic appreciation in general. While an experience of pleasure seems to ground judgments of aesthetic value, some artworks seem to gain our praise by the very negative – unpleasant – experience they provoke. Known as the paradox of negative emotions, aestheticians have, at least since Aristotle, tried to deal with these cases and offer different explanations of the phenomenon. In this article, María José Alcaraz León does not directly offer (...) an alternative explanation; rather she focuses on the apparent tension between an understanding of aesthetic experience in terms of a certain kind of pleasure and the negative aspect that is necessarily involved in our appreciation of painful art. The purpose of her article is to show that cases of artistic appreciation that involve negative emotions do not need to give up on the idea that aesthetic value is ultimately grounded upon an experience of pleasure. (shrink)

A NOVA DINÂMICA DE PROCESSAMENTO DOS ATOS DE CONCENTRAÇÃO NO CONSELHO ADMINISTRATIVO DE DEFESA ECONÔMICA E A REFORMA NO SISTEMA BRASILEIRO DE DEFESA DA CONCORRÊNCIA.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of the second-person object clitic te [‘you’] and the clitic se [lit. ‘it’] in advertising discourse from a cognitive viewpoint. The main explanatory notion will be cognitive salience; both clitics, te and se, exhibit this to varying degrees. The second-person te is more salient than the clitic se; therefore, the meanings conveyed by each in media discourse will be notably different. Results indicate that the distribution and usage of the clitics (...) te vs. se constitutes a different strategy of persuasion in advertising discourse. In general terms, te is used when a special deictic stance is needed, such as indexing a second-person as a potential consumer of the product or idea, whereas se tends to appear in utterances that describe the general and objective benefits of the product or idea advertised, denoting a desubjectivizing stance. The sociosituational distribution of this variation according to the target consumers will be analyzed. (shrink)

¿Qué hay de malo en la subrogación comercial como para justificar su prohibición? Este artículo explora cómo se ha utilizado el argumento de la mercantilización para fundamentar la condenación moral y legal de la subrogación comercial. Discuto tres argumentos filosóficos: (i) el argumento de la inconmensurabilidad, (ii) el de la alienación y (iii) el argumento a partir de sus efectos negativos. Introduzco un cuarto argumento: (iv) el de los contratos de consumo. Sostengo que mientras que (i), (ii) y (iii) no (...) ofrecen razones morales fuertes que justifiquen la inadmisibilidad moral de la subrogación comercial, (iv) sí lo hace. El argumento de los contratos de consumo sostiene que la distribución asimétrica entre los derechos y las obligaciones que justifica el modelo de contratos de consumo hace que los padres-madres intencionales y las agencias de subrogación (si las hay) se beneficien injustamente a expensas de las gestadoras subrogadas. Argumento que (iv) aporta razones para la intervención por parte del Estado, pero no para la prohibición de la subrogación comercial. (shrink)

Nacimiento, concepción y gestación, huevo cósmico, rueda eterna, noche, caos y oscuridad abisal son algunas de las imágenes que Friedrich Schelling asume a los efectos de reconceptualizar la especulación y, en concreto, de desfundar y superar el paradigma falogocéntrico del Acto trascendente, perfecto y pura luz. La propuesta schellingiana de un fundamento inmanente y material, pura potencia indeterminada e infinita, supone una re-sexualización del discurso filosófico que intentaremos mostrar en estas líneas.

En la sección 10 de _Mil mesetas_, Deleuze y Guattari precisan su monismo dinámico con la afirmación del devenir-mujer en el comienzo, medio y llave de todo devenir. La cuestión de la diferencia sexual es de este modo introducida y restituida al lugar de la diferencia ontológica radical, a partir de la cual se deviene y existe. Las siguientes páginas se proponen leer la inmanencia _materialista _del devenir a la luz de ese primer movimiento conceptivo y medial, con una interpretación (...) que intercepta el vitalismo deleuzeano-guattariano y el feminismo de la diferencia. (shrink)

Mucho se ha hablado de la «existencia» como eje de la filosofía kierkegaardiana, pero muy poco se ha dicho sobre la «idea» que la sostiene y promueve. En efecto, existir es para Kierkegaard la reflexión concreta de la idealidad, la manifestación efectiva de un concepto, que avanza dialécticamente desde su indeterminación abstracta y formalmente posible hasta la conciencia absoluta de su identidad. Las siguientes páginas se proponen, en primer lugar, mostrar el dinamismo circular de la idea como fundamento, medio y (...) fin de la existencia kierkegaardiana. En segundo lugar, ellas intentarán contribuir a la rectificación de una lógica dualista, que ha contrapuesto de manera irreconciliable idea y realidad. (shrink)

Durante las últimas décadas, la biología ha sido objeto de una considerable proliferación teórica y subdisciplinar, hecho que suscita la pregunta acerca de su unidad. Por ello, a partir del abandono del reduccionismo como estrategia unificadora, el interrogante filosófico es qué otras formas alternativas de relaciones subdisciplinares son posibles, y si dichas relaciones logran dar unidad a la biología. En el presente artículo, a partir de una breve consideración de algunos de los problemas que el programa reduccionista ha tenido en (...) biología, analizaremos diferentes tipos de relaciones que se encuentran entre las subdisciplinas de la biología contemporánea. En particular, indagaremos cuatro de las principales propuestas que pueden encontrarse en la literatura filosófica especializada; ofrecemos entonces dos nuevas propuestas de relación interdisciplinar: el isomorfismo de la biología evolutiva, e la importación/exportación de cuerpos teóricos, propia de la relación entre la ecología y la fisiología. Finalmente, presentaremos algunas consideraciones en torno al objetivo de la unidad de la ciencia en general, como también acerca de la clase de cohesión que creemos posible para la biología a partir de nuestros análisis, defendiendo la idea de un pluralismo de las relaciones interdisciplinares y de la unidad como un fenómeno local. Over the last decades, in biology there has been a proliferation of subdisciplines and theories, and this poses a question about its unity. Consequently, after reductionism was abandoned as a unifying strategy, philosophical questions have been raised about the possibility of alternative forms of relations among the subdisciplines, and whether they can effectively accomplish a unity of biology. This article starts with a brief consideration of some of the problems that the reductionist program confronts in biology, and then analyzes different kind of relations that are present among the subdisciplines of contemporary biology. In particular, we investigate four of the main proposals that can be found in the specialized philosophical literature; and then we propose two models of inter-disciplinary relations: isomorphism in evolutionary biology, and import/export of theoretical corpus, present in the relation between ecology and physiology. Finally, we offer a few ideas on unity as a goal for science in general, and also about the kind of cohesion that we think to be possible for biology based on our analysis. Thus, we defend the idea of pluralism of inter-disciplinary relations and of unity as a local phenomenon. (shrink)

En la deliberación pública de una democracia, ¿qué lugar tienen las emociones, especialmente las emociones de la compasión y la ira?; es la pregunta general que guía esta investigación. Para dar respuesta a ella nos centraremos en el pensamiento de dos pensadores que aunque pertenecen a espacios culturales y académicos diferentes guardan algunos puntos de contacto en sus perspectivas filosóficas: Marta Nussbaum y Humberto Giannini. Haciéndonos cargo del affective turn (Ahmed 2014) nos interesa indagar que impacto tienen las pasiones de (...) la compasión y de la ira sobre una democracia incompleta, o débil. Esto es especialmente relevante en momentos de transformación y perfeccionamiento democrático, cuando una comunidad camina hacia una democracia más participativa e inclusiva. Así, en un primer momento, siguiendo las pistas que nos entregan estos dos filósofos, nos dedicaremos a describir formas de compasión y formas de ira que benefician la deliberación democrática y aquellas que la obstaculizan. (shrink)

Con motivo del setenta aniversario del Anuario de Filosofía del Derecho, el texto da cuenta de los años 2006 a 2016. Década en la que tuve la respon-sabilidad de su dirección. De forma sucinta trato de relatar los objetivos que orientaron algunos de los cambios en la revista, en particular en los proce-sos de edición y publicación y preservaron el legado que constituye esta revista iusfilosófica.

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first we outline a version of non-descriptivism, ‘minimal expressivism’, leaving aside certain long-standing problems associated with conventional expressivist views. Second, we examine the way in which familiar expressivist results can be accommodated within this framework, through a particular interpretation that the expressive realm lends to a theory of meaning. Expressivist theories of meaning address only a portion of the classical problems attributed to this position when they seek to explain why the expressions they (...) deal with have a given meaning. A position can nevertheless be termed ‘expressivist’ – in the minimal sense that we favor – based simply on the following key features of the meaning of these expressions: they can be used as functions of propositions, and they are not used to describe the way the world is. (shrink)

Nuevos espacios de participación de los afrodescendientes en América y el Caribe.

La normalización de la bioética en España, a pesar de sus tensiones constitutivas, puede ser considerada un hecho. Nos encontramos con un ámbito interdisciplinar y controvertido que podemos analizar inspirándonos en el concepto de “campo” propuesto por Bourdieu. No obstante, nos preguntamos al hilo de los modos de esta normalización si no es necesario replantear la agenda de la bioética en un marco global. La prioridad de la justicia junto a su articulación a través de las perspectivas ecosociales y feministas (...) serán los ejes de nuestra tentativa propuesta de reorientación. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es describir el proceso por el cuál un individuo o grupo de individuos aplica violencia -psíquica o física- en pequeñas dosis a otro individuo con la intención de desestabilizarlo y hacerlo dudar de sus propios pensamientos y afectos. De esta forma se arrebata al otro su identidad, se niega y elimina la diferencia con el otro. El objetivo de esta conducta es paralizar a la víctima para evitar que surja el conflicto, para que no pueda (...) pensar ni comprenden, mantenerla a disposición del agresor mientras sea útil y adoctrinarla. El proceso pretende pervertir moralmente a la víctima y destruirla lentamente para conseguir un crimen perfecto, se elimina a la víctima por inducción al suicidio o violencia fisica. Llamamos a esta conducta "acoso moral" y la definimos como toda conducta abusiva -verbal o no verbal- que atenta por su frecuencia y repetición contra la dignidad o integridad psíquica o física de una persona. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta las difíciles relaciones entre perspectivas atentas al género y la bioetica. Tanto la ética como la ciencia, y en concreto la medicina, han sido objetadas desde enfoques feministas con el fin de revelar su sesgo androcéntrico. La bioética, no obstante, hasta hace bien poco, se ha mostrado reticente a considerar como categoría analítica el factor genero. Aludimos aquí a las causas de este desencuentro así como, posteriormente, a las posibilidades abiertas por una bioética feminista.This paper focuses on (...) the difficult relationship between bioethics and gender. Ethics and science, especially medicine, have been rejected from feminist perspectives revealing the androcentric bias. Bioethics, nevertheless, has resisted the option of consider gender as an analytic category. We point out the reasons of this resistance and also the open possibilities ofan feminist bioethics. (shrink)

El objeto de este artículo es presentar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad que formularon Hannah Arendt y Hans Jonas. La versión jurídica e individual de la responsabilidad como mero correlato de la libertad ha quedado sobrepasada por la magnitud de las consecuencias de la acción humana consignadas en el siglo XX. A título de ejemplo, señalaremos a los totalitarismos, a la crisis ecológica o al impacto de las biotecnologías. Una escala de acción de tales magnitudes exige pensar (...) una responsabilidad «ampliada». Conectar las dimensiones intersubjetivas y objetivas de la responsabilidad con el juicio moral en un modelo complejo y multifactorial es nuestra propuesta aquí. (shrink)

The social and cultural changes of the last century have transformed death from an everyday fact to something hidden from view. Shifting between the practical and the theoretical, the professional and the intimate, the real and the fictitious, this collection of essays explores the continued power of death over our lives. It examines the idea and experience of death from an interdisciplinary perspective, including studies of changing burial customs throughout Europe; an account of a"dying party" in the Netherlands; examinations of (...) the fascination with violent death in crime fiction and the phenomenon of serial killer art; analyses of death and bereavement in poetry, fiction, and autobiography; and a look at audience reactions to depictions of death on screen. By studying and considering how death is thought about in the contemporary era, we might restore the natural place it has in our lives. (shrink)

Resumen: La Convención sobre los Derechos de los Niños incorpora los derechos de participación al elenco de derechos e insiste en la realización del derecho a ser escuchado porque consolidan una nueva imagen del niño como sujeto de derecho. Esa escucha del menor de edad en sede judicial, cuando ha cometido un delito, debe permitirle sentirse partícipe del proceso y que el juicio sea percibido como justo y las medidas entendidas como legítimas. Dada la trascendencia de esta escucha, es importante (...) analizar cómo se realiza y qué sentido se le da en la declaración del menor ante la policía o la fiscalía. Abstract: The Convention on Children's Rights incorporates the rights of participation to the list of rights and insists on the realization of the right to be heard because they consolidate a new image of the child as a subject of law. That hearing of the minor in juvenile justice, when he/she has committed a crime, should allow him/her to participate of the process and perceive the trial as fair and the measures as justified. Given the importance of this hearing, it is important to analyze how it is done and the meaning of it in the declaration of the minor before the police or the prosecutor's office. (shrink)