One of the most important poets of the Almoravid period, al-Tutili wrote poems on many subjects such as praise, elegy, depiction of nature, love and wine. In his poems, it can be stated that the poet, who is seen to have deficiencies in terms of description and imagination due to the effect of his blindness, is at a culturally advanced level. In addition to his poems in the classical ode form, the poet also praised many muwashshahs. al-Tutili is one of (...) the few most important poets in the field of muwashshahs, originating from Andalusia and being a genre different from the classical ode form. These poems of the poet, who have many muwashshahs in his divan, will also be examined, and the differences between muwashshahs and odes will be mentioned. The fact that muwashshah poems were basically based on entertainment caused their content to differ. In this study, biography of the poet will be given as far as it is included in classical and modern sources, and his view of life, his character and literary tendency will be tried to be determined through his poems. For this reason, almost all the poems in his diwan have been reviewed.The place of poet who was also known as al-Maarri of Andalusia and not studied in Tur-key in detail in Andalusian poetry tradition will be determined. (shrink)

It is an in-depth analysis of the concept of “hell” as it has been illustrated by Dante's Devine Comedy and Macarrî's Risâlat al-Ghufrân. The main focus of this study is the differences and similarities of the two works in regard to the concept of the hellfire. Each author has a guide who takes him in a tour in "hell". Each guide gained some sort of admiration of both Dante and Macarrî. It is worthwhile to study the characteristic nature of each (...) mentor and see if there are things in common between the two of them. Hell in both works consists of layers. In each layer there is a number of chambers, in which there is a number of people who are receiving their punishment for what they have done or said in their first life. It is interesting to know who are these people? and what did they do or day in their first life to deserve such a punishment? Dante and Macarri’s illustrations of “hell” are so graphic and vivid. It would be of great significance to see whether their illustrations are from their own intellectual contributions or they are influenced with some external philosophy. Finally, this study examines the purpose behind the two works, if there are any. Would it be a didactic lesson both of Dante and Macarrî trying to deliver? Or it is merely for the sake of creativity which dictated on the two authors to put in a philosophic yet literal form of works. This study is of great significance in the field of study of epics, philosophy comparative literature and, to a certain degree, in the field of comparative religions as well. The experience of human kinds in both works is similar; despite the difference between the two authors' places and the periods each of them lived in. There are several important lessons from these experiences definitely can be drawn. More interesting, however is the attempt to answer the question of how these similarities came into existence in both works, the Divine Comedy and Risâlat al-Ghufrân? (shrink)