Die hier vorgelegte Ausgabe der Religionsschrift ist eine vollständige Neuedition auf der Grundlage der B-Auflage von 1794. Die Ausgabe verzeichnet die Paginierungen der B-Auflage und der Akademie-Ausgabe ebenso wie die wichtigsten Varianten der A-Auflage und Handschriften, Konjekturen und Textrevisionen sowie wesentliche Lesarten früherer Editionen. Das Schwergewicht der Ausgabe liegt neben der Bereitstellung eines verläßlichen Textes auf dem Nachweis zeitgeschichtlicher Bezüge. Neben einer Einleitung, Informationen zur Textgeschichte, zum Zensurstreit und der zeitgenössischen Rezeption sowie Anmerkungen zum Textverständnis und der Quellenlage enthält sie (...) neue Sach- und Namensregister sowie ein umfangreiches Register der von Kant direkt und indirekt zitierten Bibelstellen. (shrink)

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections (...) in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Kants BegrUndung Der Aesthetik Hermann Cohen F. DUmmler, 1889 Aesthetics. (shrink)

Hermann Cohen. Hermann Cohen Band 113. Kommentar' zu Immanuel Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Kommentar Zu Immanuel Kants Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft (Job an, Kommentar z. Kants Kritik d. rein. Vernunft. 1. Front Cover.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

The paper attempts to show that Kant's criticism of eudaemonism does not affect Plato's moral theory, because the kind of eudaemonism which Plato embraces is different from that rejected by Kant. Whereas the target of Kant's criticism is the view that virtuous actions are an instrumental means to becoming happy, Plato regards virtue as a constitutive part of happiness and is, thus, committed to what Gregory Vlastos has called a "noninstrumentalist form of eudaemonism".

Excerpt from Die Systematischen Begriffe in Kants Vorkritischen Schriften: Nach Ihrem Verhaltniss zum Kritischen Idealismus Schriften aufgenommen hatte, heranzieht und in Rucksicht auf die Schrift vom Jahre 1763 der einzig mogliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes beleuchtet. Ueber haupt hat er die Frage von der Beweisbarkeit Gottes durch Anfuhrung der vielen Beweis und Widerlegungsversuche ein gehend erortert. Zu einer literarischen Wichtigkeit hat aber erst Kuno Fischer die Frage uber den Werth der vorkritischen Schriften erhoben. Seine Untersuchungen werden uns (...) in der Folge viel fach beschaftigen. Doch erscheint es zur Orientirung uber die Methode, nach welcher wir selbst die Frage behandeln, zweck massig, uber das von K. Fischer geubte Verfahren, das spaterhin sehr im Einzelnen gepruft werden soll, vorlaufig nur, soweit es die Methode angeht, ein Urtheil zu fassen. Kuno Fischer sucht und macht Unterschiede. Dies muss vor Allem anerkannt werden. Auch gluckt es ihm, die Gedanken, welche er aus den Schriften vor dem Jahre 1770 heraushebt, in eine die spatere Entdeckung praedestinirende Beziehung zu einander zu setzen. Diese uberraschenden Zusammenhange werden oftmals und immer in neu erscheinenden Wendungen vorgefuhrt, so dass ein Bild von dem Entwickelurigsgange des Denkers entworfen wird. Ob dieses Bild treu ist, ob die Gedanken, aus denen es zusammengesetzt wird, genau aufgenommen und richtig geordnet sind, das wird an seinem Orte gepruft werden mussen. Hier fragen wir nur: Kann es den Lernenden, ge schweige den Nachforschenden fordern, wenn Einzelnes aus dem Systeme, wie der Ausdruck wiederholentlich gebraucht wird. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Impressions, energy radiated by phenomena in the momentary environmental scene, enter sensory neurons, creating in afferent nerves a data stream. Following Kant, by our inner sense the mind perceives its own thoughts as it ties together sense data into an internalized scene. The mind, residing in the brain, logically a Language Machine, processes and stores items as coded grammatical entities. Kantian synthetic unity in the linguistic brain is able to deliver our experience of the scene as we appear to see (...) it. Uniquely, the brain records its own history, synthesizing a Movie-in-the-Brain, called the Noumenal Cosmos. Attempting thereby to represent the actual Universe, this makes for a sovereign brain that governs itself. The brain is domicile of an Ego, with its selfhood at stake at all times. Yet, it can know itself only by its actions, in which it appears as an actor in its own movie. Phenomena enter garbled, as confused apparitions, and must be put in good form using top–down feedback control by Ego, so that each movie frame makes rational sense within the overall context of the Noumenal Cosmos. A stack of frames is processed typically in 40 Hz rhythm with 300 ms process time each, for about 12 in the stack at any time. Successive neural centers are processing the stack in the brain assembly line, based on data from increasingly global receptive fields. Ego stitches together the movie frames, but only the top frame is in consciousness for 25 ms. The top frame contains the whole scene where the Ego makes an appearance as the actor that imposes Kantian synthetic unity on the scene, merely an assembly of grammatical texts, in a system-internal coded process language, fitting the scene into the Noumenal Cosmos. But Ego observes Ego only to the extent permitted by the objectivity rule, only what it does and thinks, not its true face. From the Noumenal Cosmos, the Ego receives grammatical messages in the internal sense code. They are integrated into a whole in the reaction of the Ego to the momentary scene. The voluntary nature of Ego’s decisions is explained, based on its ability to code in advance its own actions sequentially in time, as it sees fit with a view to an orderly Noumenal Cosmos, records of code being arranged spatially in neural structures. (shrink)

Der Platonische Dialog.--Ideologie und Idee.--Klopfzeichen. Normative Genese und Ideologiekritik.--Kants Begriff der Person.--Was ist Aufklärung?--Der Mensch in der Philosophie Schellings.--Das grosse Welttheater.--Schelling in Erlangen.--Universitas litterarum?--Das Ich und die Andern.--Christliche Eschatologie und menschliche Zukunftserwartung.--Existentielle Kommunikation.

This volume offers a systematic overview of Kantian philosophy and of central currents and developments in contemporary philosophy.

The essay brings a summation of human efforts seeking to understand our existence. Plato and Kant & cognitive science complete reduction of philosophy to a neural mechanism, evolved along elementary Darwinian principles. Plato in his famous Cave Allegory explains that between reality and our experience of it there exists a great chasm, a metaphysical gap, fully confirmed through particle-wave duality of quantum physics. Kant found that we have two kinds of perception, two senses: By the spatial outer sense we perceive (...) phenomena, objects in space. Our temporal inner sense lets us perceive our inner state, noumena . Kant's two senses are fully confirmed through bilateral brain duality of cognitive science. The bilateral brain serves inner, temporal sense, logic & noumena in the left hemisphere. The right brain half is for the outer, spatial sense, geometry & phenomena. We form a whole system, a bilateral interior cosmos, a kind of world model, expressing what may lie beyond the metaphysical gap. In the right brain we build a phenomenal cosmos, to resemble the outer environment. In the brain's left hemisphere a noumenal cosmos, a model of our private world including Saint Teresa of Avila's castillo interior. The cosmos is regularly updated with novel sense data integrated into our memory banks. This was recognized early by Helmholtz (1860s). Our lives, health & well-being depend on us keeping our interior cosmos in good order. This used to be seen as saving one's precious soul from perdition. While we endeavour to keep our phenomenal cosmos neat & orderly by protecting the environment from harm, our noumenal cosmos to be livable requires us to engage in ethical conduct. This bilateral cosmos is responsible for our common sense judgment power, that we depend on for being able to lead a good & benign life. The 200 million neurons of BA10 in the prefrontal lobe have global access to the interior cosmos, & apply massive feedback to identify environmental conditions rapidly. The global access also gives conscious presence of the individual to itself, all that is present in the interior cosmos, for total freedom of action. In the left brain private ego, we are guarded by faith in divine mercy, & guided to choose the best course of action, able to survive under the most adverse conditions. For this, we receive directions from the Holy Ghost in Saint Teresa's castillo interior. (shrink)

Vorwort. -- I.t. Darstellung des lebens und charakters Immanuel Kants, von L.E. Borowski. -- II.t. Immanuel Kant geschildert in briefen an einen freund, von R.B. Jachmann. -- III.t. Immanuel Kant in seinen letzten lebensjahren ; ein beitrag zur kenntnis seines charakters und ḧauslichen lebens aus dem thaglichen umgange mit ihm, von E.A.C. Wasianki. -- Schlusswort.

First ed. published in Jahrbuch feur Philosophie und Pheanomenologische Forschung, v. 11, 1930.

In der Reihe werden herausragende monographische Untersuchungen und Sammelbände zu allen Aspekten der Philosophie Kants veröffentlicht, ebenso zum systematischen Verhältnis seiner Philosophie zu anderen philosophischen Ansätzen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Veröffentlicht werden Studien, die einen innovativen Charakter haben und ausdrückliche Desiderate der Forschung erfüllen. Die Publikationen repräsentieren damit den aktuellsten Stand der Forschung.

Dieses Buch versucht, am Beispiel der Logik der Forschung K. R. Poppers, den Ansatz der modernen Wissenschaftstheorie mit transzendentalphilosophischen Fragestellungen Kants zu vermitteln.

Conscious existence is the product of a neural brain mechanism, which is largely identical with Immanuel Kant's Oneness Function, a service performed by 200 million neurons in the prefrontal lobe, & makes possible our interior cosmos, the record of our interconnected, or general, experience. Essential for us humans is the well-being of our interior cosmos, or Saint Teresa of Avila's interior castle, in all interactions with each other \& the greater environment. Any disorders of our cosmos are liable to make (...) us fall ill, setting our existence on a path of psychosomatic etiology of a large class of mysterious undiagnosed diseases. (shrink)

"Cette étude est à la fois une révision profonde de la théorie kantienne de l'expérience et une histoire du bouleversement qu'a entraîné, pour la physique, la découverte du calcul différentiel. La méthode qu'en dégage Cohen est destinée à fonder une nouvelle critique de la connaissance. C'est en même temps l'un des piliers philosophiques essentiels de l'idéalisme critique propres à l'École de Marbourg, qui débouchera sur la pierre angulaire du système de Cohen, sa "Logique de la connaissance pure". La réflexion sur (...) l'infinitésimal a pour objectif, dans sa partie historique - des Grecs à la fin du XVIIIe siècle -, de montrer, et bien au-delà de la controverse qui a opposé Newton à Leibniz sur la priorité de la découverte, que c'est bien chez ce dernier qu'on trouve un développement véritablement philosophique des conséquences de cette approche nouvelle de la catégorie de 'réalité'. La reconnaissance du rôle de la physique mathématique va donc au-delà de la "révolution copernicienne" effectuée par Kant, pour s'élever à une conception nouvelle de ce qu'est l'objet même de l'expérience scientifique. Contrairement au verdict kantien, la logique ne s'enferme plus dans sa cohérence systématique qui la condamne à ne plus progresser, voire à rester en quelque sorte à la traîne des progrès scientifiques, mais s'ouvre, au contraire, aux développements ultérieurs de la science en s'adaptant sans distorsions à la théorie de la relativité comme aux prodromes de la théorie des quanta. Léon Brunschvicg, dans son ouvrage sur "Les Étapes de la philosophie mathématique", a souvent suivi l'exposé historique de Cohen, et Bertrand Russel avait aussitôt salué ce "remarquable travail" de reconstruction philosophique où la part de l'histoire n'est nullement contingente puisque c'est précisément à l'intégration de l'évolution scientifique au sein de la critique de la connaissance que tend Hermann Cohen.". (shrink)