Resumo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a noção de nacionalidade e de cidadania, legitimados com o surgimento do Estado-Nação, promovem a exclusão dos sujeitos imigrantes. A hipótese, defendida no trabalho, é a de que as normas que regulamentam as fronteiras nacionais atribuem ao agente migratório discricionariedade para definir quem pode ou não entrar em cada país, permitindo o uso de argumentos securitários para barrar a entrada de sujeitos indesejados em detrimento do reconhecimento da migração como um direito (...) humano. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se o método qualitativo, amparando-se nas contribuições de Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) sobre a relação entre cidadania, nacionalidade, Estado-Nação e exclusão de determinados sujeitos. Os resultados da pesquisa vêm a demonstrar que, nos últimos anos, as normas de direito público internacional legitimaram critérios securitários para o controle das fronteiras, o que acabou por acarretar a violação dos direitos humanos de diversos imigrantes. Conclui-se que uma mudança de perspectiva em relação à necessária vinculação entre nacionalidade e Estado-Nação deve ser questionada nos ordenamentos jurídicos locais e internacional, a fim de garantir os direitos humanos do sujeito imigrante. (shrink)

This book grew out of lectures. It is intended as an introduction to classical two-valued predicate logic. The restriction to classical logic is not meant to imply that this logic is intrinsically better than other, non-classical logics; however, classical logic is a good introduction to logic because of its simplicity, and a good basis for applications because it is the foundation of classical mathematics, and thus of the exact sciences which are based on it. The book is meant primarily for (...) mathematics students who are already acquainted with some of the fundamental concepts of mathematics, such as that of a group. It should help the reader to see for himself the advantages of a formalisation. The step from the everyday language to a formalised language, which usually creates difficulties, is dis cussed and practised thoroughly. The analysis of the way in which basic mathematical structures are approached in mathematics leads in a natural way to the semantic notion of consequence. One of the substantial achievements of modern logic has been to show that the notion of consequence can be replaced by a provably equivalent notion of derivability which is defined by means of a calculus. Today we know of many calculi which have this property. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Jahrgang: 59 Heft: 1 Seiten: 80-109.

The truthmaker literature has recently come to the consensus that the logic of truthmaking is distinct from classical propositional logic. This development has huge implications for the free will literature. Since free will and moral responsibility are primarily ontological concerns (and not semantic concerns) the logic of truthmaking ought to be central to the free will debate. I shall demonstrate that counterexamples to transfer principles employed in the direct argument occur precisely where a plausible logic of truthmaking diverges from classical (...) logic. Further, restricted transfer principles (like the ones employed by McKenna, Stump, and Warfield) are as problematic as the original formulation of the direct argument. (shrink)

The cosmos may well be perceived as chiefly power respecting its unfathomable vastness and amount of energy, and under this form referred to the cyclic model and to its self-referentiality. The levels of power to therein inhere are accordingly meant to be subject to a drastic variation. These can be quantified according to physical-metaphysical criteria propounded as Quanta of Power. Their imperceptible value is deemed to define the amount of actual ontological power to be found in each relevant event, nature (...) or situation: The more the presence of Quanta of Power, the more the capability of power found intrinsic to such an event, nature or situation. While at a nonhuman level they focalize on the Big Bang and the Big Crunch in causing one another (and in thus proving, conceptually, one cosmic entity), touching the anthropic principle the process at issue reaches its crowning moment in an ultimate superhuman frame. (shrink)

En este paper se busca establecer, mediante un examen puramente teórico, abstracto, si acaso la conflictiva relación que han guardado hasta hoy socialismo y democracia, se derivaría de alguna propiedad esencial de aquella forma social, o si podría explicarse, más bien, como el resultado de las especiales condiciones en que se dieron, durante el siglo XX, los distintos intentos de construcción socialista.

Dr Lloyd maintains that a teacher's commitment is not only compatible with but a necessary condition for successfully teaching religious understanding within the system of public education. As I am in sympathy with this thesis, I do not wish to argue against it but to add some further interpretation of it. Lloyd's thesis deals with a certain process of communication, specified in two directions: first as to its subject , and secondly as to its context . His thesis contains two (...) points: the kind of communciation he has in mind is at least possible and the necessary condition for its success is the commitment of the teacher. (shrink)

Based on neurobiological data, modern concepts of self-organization and a careful rationale, the hypothesis is put forward that the fleeting, highly ordered patterns of electric and/or magnetic fields, generated by assemblies of dendritic trees of specialized neuronal networks, should be thought of as the end-product of chaotic, dynamically governed self-organization. Such patterns encode for subjective experiences such as pain and pleasure, or perceiving colours. Because by quantum mechanical definition virtual photons are the theoretical constituents of electric and magnetic fields, the (...) former hypothesis can be re-formulated as follows: it is the highly ordered patterns of virtual photons that encode for subjective experiences. Arguments are then given that consciousness did not emerge during evolution only after neuronal networks had been formed able to generate electric and/or magnetic fields of sufficient complexity but, rather, that subjectivity already existed in a very elementary form as a fundamental property of the omnipresent virtual photons, i.e., of matter. The contribution of neuronal networks to consciousness was to generate highly ordered patterns of germs of subjectivity , so allowing complex subjective experiences. Due to the omnipresence of virtual photons, it follows finally that the whole universe must be imbued with subjectivity. An experimental strategy is proposed to test the hypothesis. (shrink)

Recent work in the truthmakers literature demonstrates that the logic of truthmaking is distinct from classical logic. Since free will is an ontological issue, and not merely a semantic issue, arguments about free will ought to be sensitive to these developments. In Truthmakers and the Direct Argument, Hermes argues that one of the main arguments for incompatibiilsm fails precisely where the truthmakers literature would predict. Here, I argue that similar problems make the Consequence Argument untenable.

As we begin to witness a new phase in the integration of digital social media platforms with educational institutions, we ought to ask how learning exchanges may be altered as a result. Looking to transformations in knowledge exchanges outside of formal education, we find that these technologies have already modified the ways in which communities engage with each other. Gerlitz and Helmond explain that the Like Economy built into all major social media platforms flattens exchanges between users to engagement metrics. (...) With online communities increasingly isolated from each other thanks to inscrutable recommendation algorithms, the most frequent cross-community exchanges manifest in outbursts of rage, producing a so-called ‘Dislike Society’. Practitioners would rather briefly unite to tear down other ways of living than to build new ones. Within the Dislike Society, any form of knowledge that could shape new communities is lost to the governance of algorithms in what Bernard Stiegler calls ‘proletarianisation’. To re-apply knowledge to the improvement of life, as suggested by Whitehead, the attention of learners needs to be shaped in response to new technological conditions. This is best achieved within the educational institutions that now face a reorganisation by the same companies that brought us the Dislike Society. (shrink)

English summary: Currently, for many of the central problems that challenge human survival, such as the limitation of resources, problems in intercultural relations, information overload, and so on, there is hardly a satisfying solution. The relevant areas of tension are captured in this book, and placed in the context of the overextension and rebellion of individuals and of society. The pre-critical conditions, crisis, and borderline situations are the motivations behind the philosophical thoughts and conceptualizations captured in the essays in this (...) work. These studies consider themselves as a contribution to a life-serving communication, and for the development of a common construction meaning and symbols in dialogue. Overcoming threshold situations proves to be a case of "what humans really are and what they can really be." (Karl Jaspers) This book shows on the basis of numerous examples from psychotherapeutic, artistic, and political fields of actions, that historical and phenomenological analysis are complimented by a process-dynamic approach to social and conceptual problems. German description: Fur kaum eines der zentralen Uberlebensprobleme der Menschheit, Begrenztheit der Ressourcen, transkulturelle Verstandigungsprobleme, Informationsuberflutung u.a. liegen bislang uberzeugende Losungskonzepte vor. Die diesbezuglichen Spannungsfelder werden in dem vorliegenden Band aufgegriffen und in den Zusammenhang von Uberforderung und Rebellion des Einzelnen und der Gesellschaft gestellt. Die prakritische Ausgangslage, Krise und Grenzsituation werden Anstoss zum philosophischen Denken und zur Konzeptualisierung des hier vorgelegten Ansatzes. Dieser versteht sich als Beitrag zu lebensdienlicher Kommunikation und zu gemeinsamer Sinn- und Symbolbildung im Dialog. In der Uberwindung der Grenzsituation erweist sich, "was der Mensch eigentlich ist und werden kann" (Karl Jaspers). Das vorgelegte Buch zeigt anhand zahlreicher Beispiele aus Psychotherapie, kunstlerischem und politischem Handlungsraum, dass die historische und phanomenologische Analyse durch einen prozessdynamischen Ansatz zu erganzen ist. (shrink)