孙子一书,即孙子兵法,该书以其睿智而富有思辨性,反映了春秋末期,战国初年社会变革的历史,总结了一套科学,实用的系统军事理论.

Han Feizi’s criticisms of Confucian and Mohist political recommendations are often thought to involve materialist or historicist arguments, independently of their epistemological features. Drawing largely on Amia Srinivasan’s recent taxonomy of genealogical arguments, this paper proposes a genealogical reading of passages in “The Five Vermin [五蠹 wudu]” and “Eminence in Learning [顯學 xianxue].” This reveals Han Feizi’s arguments to be more comprehensively appreciated as problematizing Confucian and Mohist political judgments as arising from undermining contingencies, rendering them irrelevant, if (...) not detrimental, to any lasting excellence of a state. In doing this, it is also suggested that there is a ‘master argument’ underlying Han Feizi’s criticisms, according to which the epistemology of the Confucians and Mohists are fundamentally unreliable. (shrink)

Several scholars have recently proposed that Confucianism should be regarded as a form of virtue ethics. This view offers new approaches to understanding not only Confucian thinkers, but also their critics within the Chinese tradition. For if Confucianism is a form of virtue ethics, we can then ask to what extent Chinese criticisms of it parallel criticisms launched against contemporary virtue ethics, and what lessons for virtue ethics in general might be gleaned from the challenges to Confucianism in particular. This (...) paper undertakes such an exercise in examining Han Feizi, an early critic of Confucianism. The essay offers a careful interpretation of the debate between Han Feizi and the Confucians and suggests that thinking through Han Feizi's criticisms and the possible Confucian responses to them has a broader philosophical payoff, namely by highlighting a problem for current defenders of virtue ethics that has not been widely noticed, but deserves attention. (shrink)

Feizi’s philosophy is usually represented as an amoral autocracy where the ruler is the sole political power and runs the state by controlling the people through rewards and punishments. While his system is formally autocratic, this article argues that the purpose behind this system bears some similarity to the republican political ideal of non-domination. In this interpretation, Han Feizi makes the ruler the sole power to mitigate the danger of the state being dominated by ministers. He does not (...) employ republican institutions, but attempts to discourage the ruler from using his power capriciously in order to increase order and security in the state, which are his ultimate political values. Han Feizi is not a republican, but this similarity suggests that when revised for today’s very different circumstances, Han Feizian philosophy’s focus on impartial law can make a contribution to contemporary Chinese political thought. (shrink)

Writing only decades apart, Han Feizi (ca. 250 BCE) and Kautilya (ca. 300 BCE) were two great political thinkers who argued for strong leaders, king or emperor, to unify warring states and bring peace, who tried to show how a ruler controls his ministers as well as the populace, defended the need for spies and violence, and developed the key ideas needed to support the bureaucracies of the emerging and unified states of China and India respectively. Whereas both thinkers (...) disliked the new merchants, Han Feizi seems content with a traditional feudal economy, whereas Kautilya wanted to use the state to increase production and the wealth in the king's treasury. Kautilya also had much more extensive discussions of war and diplomacy. (shrink)

Han Feizi’s 韓非子 thought, I argue, contains a political theory that justifies principled, law-governed government. A key element of his theory is a solution to the problem of rectifying names. He recognized that the same word can have varying criteria of application depending on the purpose of the practice that requires a criterion. Some criteria for a practice are good and some bad. A wise ruler knows which criteria are good and appropriate to ruling. His view is illuminated by (...) considering the phenomenon of paradiastole and a contemporary view about the relationship between meaning and criteria of application. (shrink)

韓非子思想研究往往無法徹底擺脫「法」、「勢」、「術」、「性」、「德」、「道」這六項基本觀念。如許觀念能夠為針對韓非子思想而展開的各類研究提供參考或藉助，甚或成為其學派諸多思想內容的出發點或歸本之處。某 種意義上，它們就是將韓非子思想塑造成韓非子思想的關鍵所在。 本書在前賢觀點的基礎上，嘗試針對《韓非子》書中這六項觀念的涵義作出探研。在本書作者看來，這六項觀念皆是視不同篇章的不同語境，而具有不同的義項。前賢為他們概括出某種普遍適用之單一涵義的努力，似不符合《韓 非子》文本。進言之，以這些具備多重含義的基本觀念為材質所構建的《韓非子》思想結構，與其被認為如前賢所期許的那般條理整齊──譬如「人性」為諸如「法」、「勢」、「術」等現實觀點的出發點，「道」為其現實觀點 提供著某種理論基礎，等等──不如說是充斥著內在衝撞、糾集著判若雲泥之價值觀的某種近乎「雜燴」般的存在。.

Han Feizi es el principal representante de la escuela legista china. Los principios de su teoría política le han granjeado el apodo de “el Maquiavelo chino”. Sus ideas serían adoptadas por Qin Shihuang, el Primer Emperador, quien unificó China e impuso un régimen despótico caracterizado por la represión del debate político y la supresión de la libertad de expresión. La conexión entre el desarrollo de la retórica y la situación política en el contexto de la última etapa del clasicismo (...) chino puede servir de fondo para una consideración más amplia de dicho nexo. La retórica comparada proporciona las bases para relacionar el pensamiento legista chino con el discurso neoliberal contemporáneo. (shrink)

本书内容包括:虚静无为之术、政治洞察之术、以法治国的艺术、赏罚的艺术、势治的艺术、用人的艺术、政治语言的使用艺术、法家与中国传统政治文化的现代转化。.

本书æ ̄由一系列的专é¢研究成æž综合而成的国学论著, 除了论述韩非的政治思想之外, 对过去研究成æž稀缺的内容, 如《韩非子》的版本流传、著作年代、文学成就、史学价值、研究概况等等, 都作了详尽深入的学术研讨.

This includes a full translation of the following chapters of the Han Feizi: -/- Ch. 5 – The Way of the Ruler; Ch. 6 – Having Standards; Ch. 7 – The Two Handles; Ch 12 – The Difficulty of Persuasion; Ch 27 – Employing the People; Ch. 29 – The Great Whole; Ch. 40 – A Critique of the Doctrine of Positional Power; Ch. 43 – Establishing Methods of Government; Ch. 49 – The Five Vermin. Ch. 50 – On (...) the Illustrious Schools of Thought -/- Additionally, it includes translations of short sections of the following chapters: -/- Ch. 32 – Collected Illustrations • Outer Part • Upper Left Section; Ch. 35 – Collected Illustrations • Outer Part • Lower Right Section; Ch. 47 – Eight Explanations. (shrink)