Guidelines for a model bride in Islam based on Islamic teachings; includes stories of six exemplary Muslim wives during Prophet Muhammad's time.

Spinoza speculated on how ethics could emerge from biology and psychology rather than disrupt them and recent evidence suggests he might have gotten it right. His radical deconstruction and reconstruction of ethics is supported by a number of avenues of research in the cognitive and neurosciences. This paper gathers together and presents a composite picture of recent research that supports Spinoza’s theory of the emotions and of the natural origins of ethics. It enumerates twelve naturalist claims of Spinoza that now (...) seem to be supported by substantial evidence from the neurosciences and recent cognitive science. I focus on the evidence provided by Lakoff and Johnson in their summary of recent cognitive science in Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought (1999); by Antonio Damasio in his assessment of the state of affective neuroscience in Descartes’ Error (1994) and in The Feeling of What Happens (1999) (with passing references to his recent Looking for Spinoza (2003); and by Giacomo Rizzolatti, Vittorio Gallese and their colleagues in the neural basis of emotional contagion and resonance, i.e., the neural basis of primitive sociality and intersubjectivity, that bear out Spinoza’s account of social psychology as rooted in the mechanism he called attention to and identified as affective imitation. (shrink)

Ḥāʼirī Yazdī, Mahdī - Criticism and interpretation ;Muslim philosophers - Iran ;Muslim scholars - Iran.

Islamic philosophy; Hanbalites; doctrines; creation (Islam); early works to 1800.

Cette étude critique deux notions très répandues: 1° que les genes chromosomes forment les unités fondamentales du mécanisme biologique: 2° que les organismes sont des conséquences d'ensembles de genes ‘libres’.Il est suggéré que 3° l'information codée dans les chromosomes est plutôt comparable aux indications données par un livret d'instructions et que 4° des actions fondamentales des cellules ont pu précéder les instructions qui les concernent de même façon que les techniques humaines ont précédé des textes qui les analysent.Cette analogie est (...) élaborée en certains détails et quelquesunes de ses limitations sont demonstrées.In this paper two widely held ideas are criticized: that chromosomal genes are the fundamental units of biological machinery and that organisms have arisen from assemblies of “free” genes.Instead it is suggested that the information encoded in the chromosomes may better be compared with the instructions contained in a textbook or leaflet, an that basic cell activities may have preceded the instructions dealing with them in the same way in which human skills have preceded any texts dealing with them.This analogy is elaborated in certain details and some of its limitations are shown.Die Arbeit ist eine Kritik zweier weitverbreiteter Ideen, nämlich dass die Gene in den Chromosomen die fundamentalen Bestandteile der biologischen Maschinerie sind und dass die Organismen von Aggregaten „freier“ Gene abstammen.Statt dessen wird vorgeschlagen, dass die in den Chromosomen kodifizierte Information eher mit den Instruktionen eines Lehrbuchs oder einer Gebrauchsanweisung vergleichbar ist und dass die grundlegenden Zellaktivitäten früheren Ursprungs sein dürften, als die Instruktionen zu ihrer Ausführung, etwa in der Weise in der menschliche Fertigkeiten gedruckten Anweisungen zu ihrer Ausführung vorausgegangen sind.Verschiedene Einzelheiten dieser Analogie werden verfolgt und einige ihrer Grenzen aufgezeigt. (shrink)

في كتابه "العلمانية من سالب الدين إلى موجب الدولة: راهنية مشروع بشارة عربيًا"، الصادر عن المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات، يشتغل سهيل الحبيّب على فرضية أن كتاب عزمي بشارة، الدين والعلمانية في سياق تاريخي، هو إضافة نوعية على المستويين المعرفي والنظري إلى ما هو سائد في السياق الفكري والأيديولوجي العربي المعاصر والراهن من فهمٍ نظري للعلمانية، ومن تمثّل تاريخي لظواهرها. ويحاول الاستدلال على صحة هذه الفرضية بتحديد الوجوه المتعيّنة للإضافات المعرفية والنظرية التي يحويها كتاب بشارة، من حيث هو جهد يتتبّع (...) ظواهر التديّن والتَّعَلْمُن على مدار قرون عديدة وفي سياقات عديدة من التاريخ الغربي الحديث والمعاصر والراهن، للوصول إلى الفهم التاريخي لظاهرتَي الدين والعلمانية. (shrink)

Philosophy, Arab; philosophers; Carthage (Tunisia); biography.