Results for 'D. Elliott Wreh-Wilson'

957 found
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  1.  87
    Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross Disciplinary Perspectives.Leonard D. Katz (ed.) - 2000 - Imprint Academic.
    Four principal papers and a total of 43 peer commentaries on the evolutionary origins of morality. To what extent is human morality the outcome of a continuous development from motives, emotions and social behaviour found in nonhuman animals? Jerome Kagan, Hans Kummer, Peter Railton and others discuss the first principal paper by primatologists Jessica Flack and Frans de Waal. The second paper, by cultural anthropologist Christopher Boehm, synthesizes social science and biological evidence to support his theory of how our hominid (...)
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  2. Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 1998 - Harvard University Press.
    The authors demonstrate that unselfish behavior is in fact an important feature of both biological and human nature. Their book provides a panoramic view of altruism throughout the animal kingdom--from self-sacrificing parasites to the human capacity for selflessness--even as it explains the evolutionary sense of such behavior.
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  3.  61
    Critical Commentary on Unto Others.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65 (3):697-701.
    Altruism has both an evolutionary and a psychological meaning. As the term is used in evolutionary theory, a trait is deemed altruistic if it reduces the fitness of the actor and enhances the fitness of someone else. In its psychological sense, the thesis that we have altruistic ultimate motives asserts that we care about the welfare of others, not just as a means of enhancing our own well-being, but as an end in itself. In Unto Others (hereafter UO), we consider (...)
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  4. Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):585-608.
    In both biology and the human sciences, social groups are sometimes treated as adaptive units whose organization cannot be reduced to individual interactions. This group-level view is opposed by a more individualistic one that treats social organization as a byproduct of self-interest. According to biologists, group-level adaptations can evolve only by a process of natural selection at the group level. Most biologists rejected group selection as an important evolutionary force during the 1960s and 1970s but a positive literature began to (...)
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  5. "Adaptation and Natural Selection" Revisited.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2011 - Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24 (2):462-468.
    In Adaptation and Natural Selection, George C. Williams linked the distinction between group and individual adaptation with the distinction between group and individual selection. Williams' Principle, as we will call it, says that adaptation at a level requires selection at that level. This is a necessary but not a sufficient condition; for example, group adaptation requires group selection, but the fact that group selection influences a trait's evolution does not suffice for the resulting trait frequency to be a group adaptation. (...)
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  6. Complexity: metaphors, models, and reality.G. Cowan, D. Pines & D. Elliott Meltzer (eds.) - 1994 - Perseus Books.
    The terms complexity, complex adaptive systems, and sciences of complexity are found often in recent scientific literature, reflecting the remarkable growth in collaborative academic research focused on complexity from the origin and dynamics of organisms to the largest social and political organizations. One of the great challenges in this field of research is to discover which features are essential and shared by all of the seemingly disparate systems that are described as complex. Is there sufficient synthesis to suggest the possibility (...)
     
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  7.  10
    Unto Others.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2009 - In Michael Ruse, Philosophy After Darwin: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Princeton University Press. pp. 433-451.
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  8. Summary of: ‘Unto Others. The evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior'.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2000 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 7 (1-2):185-206.
    The hypothesis of group selection fell victim to a seemingly devastating critique in 1960s evolutionary biology. In Unto Others (1998), we argue to the contrary, that group selection is a conceptually coherent and empirically well documented cause of evolution. We suggest, in addition, that it has been especially important in human evolution. In the second part of Unto Others, we consider the issue of psychological egoism and altruism -- do human beings have ultimate motives concerning the well-being of others? We (...)
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  9. A critical review of philosophical work on the units of selection problem.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (4):534-555.
    The evolutionary problem of the units of selection has elicited a good deal of conceptual work from philosophers. We review this work to determine where the issues now stand.
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  10. Précis of Unto Others.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65 (3):681-684.
    It is a challenge to explain how evolutionary altruism can evolve by the process of natural selection, since altruists in a group will be less fit than the selfish individuals in the same group who receive benefits but do not make donations of their own. Darwin proposed a theory of group selection to solve this puzzle. Very simply, even though altruists are less fit than selfish individuals within any single group, groups of altruists are more fit than groups of selfish (...)
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  11.  91
    Morality and ‘Unto Others': Response to commentary discussion.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2000 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 7 (1-2):257-268.
    We address the following issues raised by the commentators of our target article and book: (1) the problem of multiple perspectives; (2) how to define group selection; (3) distinguishing between the concepts of altruism and organism; (4) genetic versus cultural group selection; (5) the dark side of group selection; (6) the relationship between psychological and evolutionary altruism; (7) the question of whether the psychological questions can be answered; (8) psychological experiments. We thank the contributors for their commentaries, which provide a (...)
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  12.  35
    Newton's early metaphysics of body: Impenetrability, action at a distance, and essential gravity.Elliott D. Chen - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 72:192-204.
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  13. Relevance.D. Sperber & Deirdre Wilson - 1986 - Communication and Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly Journal 2.
     
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  14.  47
    Authors' response.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2001 - Metascience 10 (2):202-208.
    We thank Karen Canfell, Hamish Spencer and Ben Oldroyd for their commentaries. Below are some comments on the points they raise: 1. Is the Group Selection Debate Merely a Matter of Semantics? 2. Multi-Level Selection Theory versus Genic Selectionism 3. Heritability and Group Selection in Human Beings 4. Adaptationism.
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  15.  22
    Newtonian gravitation in Maxwell spacetime.Elliott D. Chen - 2023 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 102 (C):22-30.
  16.  50
    Reply to Commentaries.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65 (3):711-727.
    The substance of the commentaries, however, reveals considerable disagreement about how UO conceptualizes the idea of group selection. Dennett describes the issues as “mind-twistingly elusive and slippery” and hints that it is mere hype to say that group selection has been revived. Barrett and Godfrey-Smith discuss the problem of multiple perspectives at length and claim that we are too liberal in our definition of groups. We believe that these criticisms obscure the simplicity of the basic question that group selection theory (...)
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  17. Relevance.D. Sperbcr & I. Wilson - forthcoming - Communication and Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly Journal.
     
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  18.  85
    Group selection: The theory replaces the bogey man.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):639-654.
    In both biology and the human sciences, social groups are sometimes treated as adaptive units whose organization cannot be reduced to individual interactions. This group-level view is opposed by a more individualistic one that treats social organization as a byproduct of self-interest. According to biologists, group-level adaptations can evolve only by a process of natural selection at the group level. Most biologists rejected group selection as an important evolutionary force during the 1960s and 1970s but a positive literature began to (...)
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  19.  37
    More on group selection and human behavior.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):782-787.
    The six commentaries raise five issues about multi-level selection theory that we attempt to address: (1) replicators without vehicles, (2) group selection and movement between groups, (3) absolute versus relative fitness, (4) group-level psychological adaptions, and (5) multi-level selection as a predictive theory.
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  20.  82
    Mind-brain interaction and violation of physical laws.D. L. Wilson - 1999 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 6 (8-9):8-9.
  21.  20
    Entities and Individuation: Studies in Ontology and Language : in Honour of Neil Wilson.Neil L. Wilson & D. Stewart - 1989 - Edwin Mellen Press.
    Essays devoted to the work of the late Neil Wilson, Canadian philosopher and contributor to the field of semantic analysis that emerged from the fusion of logic, pragmatism, and ontology. Many of the essays in this volume take their initial inspiration from Wilson's seminal work Substances Without Substrata.
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  22.  53
    Berkeley on the Mind‐Dependence of Colors.Margaret D. Wilson - 2017 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 68 (3-4):249-264.
  23.  51
    Perspectives and parameterizations commentary on Benjamin Kerr and Peter Godfrey-Smith's ``individualist and multi-level perspectives on selection in structured populations''.Elliott Sober & David Sloan Wilson - 2002 - Biology and Philosophy 17 (4):529-537.
    We have two main objections to Kerr and Godfrey-Smith's (2002) meticulous analysis. First, they misunderstand the position we took in Unto Others – we do not claim that individual-level statements about the evolution of altruism are always unexplanatory and always fail to capture causal relationships. Second, Kerr and Godfrey-Smith characterize the individual and the multi-level perspectives in terms of different sets of parameters. In particular, they do not allow the multi-level perspective to use the individual fitness parameters i and i. (...)
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  24. Knowing when to ask: Introspection and the adaptive unconscious.Timothy D. Wilson - 2003 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (9-10):131-140.
    The introspective method has come under attack throughout the history of psychology, yet it is widely used today in virtually all areas of the field, often to good effect. At the same time indirect methods that do not rely on introspection are widely used, also to good effect. This conundrum is best understood in terms of models of nonconscious processing and the role of consciousness. People have access to many of their feelings and emotions, and develop rich narratives about themselves (...)
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  25. Animal ideas.Margaret D. Wilson - 1995 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 69 (2):7-25.
  26. Embodied Cognition is Not What you Think it is.Andrew D. Wilson & Sabrina Golonka - 2013 - Frontiers in Psychology 4.
  27. Brain mechanisms, consciousness, and introspection.D. L. Wilson - 1978 - In A. A. Sugarman & R. E. Tarter, Expanding Dimensions of Consciousness. Springer.
  28. Communities and Their Universities: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning.J. Elliott, H. Francis, R. Humphreys & D. Instance - 1997 - British Journal of Educational Studies 45 (2):219-220.
     
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  29. LW Sumner, The Hateful and the Obscene: Studies in the Limits of Free Expression.D. Elliott - 2007 - Philosophy in Review 27 (5):380.
     
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  30. Leibniz and Materialism.Margaret D. Wilson - 1974 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 3 (4):495 - 513.
    Seventeenth century discussions of materialism, whether favorable or hostile towards the position, are generally conducted on a level of much less precision and sophistication than recent work on the problem of the mind-body relation. Nevertheless, the earlier discussions can still be interesting to philosophers, as the plethora of references to Cartesian arguments in the recent literature makes clear. Certainly the early development of materialist patterns of thought, and efforts on both the materialist and immaterialist side to establish fundamental points in (...)
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  31.  31
    On Human Nature.Edward D. Wilson - 1979 - Philosophical Review 88 (4):660-663.
  32.  78
    Multilevel selection and the return of group-level functionalism.David Sloan Wilson & Elliott Sober - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (2):305-306.
    We reinforce Thompson's points by providing a second example of the paradox that makes group selection appear counterintuitive and by discussing the wider implications of multilevel selection theory.
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  33. (1 other version)Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.Richard E. Nisbett & Timothy D. Wilson - 1977 - Psychological Review 84 (3):231-59.
    Reviews evidence which suggests that there may be little or no direct introspective access to higher order cognitive processes. Ss are sometimes unaware of the existence of a stimulus that importantly influenced a response, unaware of the existence of the response, and unaware that the stimulus has affected the response. It is proposed that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes, that is, on the processes mediating the effects of a stimulus on a response, they do not do (...)
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  34.  38
    Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition.William D. Marslen-Wilson - 1987 - Cognition 25 (1-2):71-102.
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  35. Confused Ideas.Margaret D. Wilson - 1977 - Rice University Studies 63.
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  36.  61
    Evolving the future: Toward a science of intentional change.David Sloan Wilson, Steven C. Hayes, Anthony Biglan & Dennis D. Embry - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (4):395-416.
    Humans possess great capacity for behavioral and cultural change, but our ability to manage change is still limited. This article has two major objectives: first, to sketch a basic science of intentional change centered on evolution; second, to provide examples of intentional behavioral and cultural change from the applied behavioral sciences, which are largely unknown to the basic sciences community.All species have evolved mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity that enable them to respond adaptively to their environments. Some mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity (...)
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  37. Descartes.M. D. Wilson - 1980 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 31 (3):307-310.
     
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  38. Descartes: The Arguments of the Philosophers.M. D. Wilson - 1978
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  39. Germans and Tartars and a Chinese Patriot.D. A. Wilson - 1914 - Hibbert Journal 13:400.
     
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  40.  49
    A new look at anchoring effects: basic anchoring and its antecedents.Timothy D. Wilson, Christopher E. Houston, Kathryn M. Etling & Nancy Brekke - 1996 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 125 (4):387.
  41. (1 other version)Superadded Properties: The Limits of Mechanism in Locke.Margaret D. Wilson - 1979 - American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (2):143 - 150.
  42. Confused versus Distinct Perception in Leibniz: Consciousness, Representation, and God's Mind.Margaret D. Wilson - 1992 - In Phillip D. Cummins, Minds, Ideas, and Objects: Essays on the Theory of Representation in Modern Philosophy. Ridgeview Publishing Company.
  43. The Phenomenalisms of Leibniz and Berkeley.Margaret D. Wilson - 1986 - In Ernest Sosa, Essays on the Philosophy of George Berkeley. D. Reidel.
  44. (1 other version)Time-View Analysis Shows all Studies Form one Perspective.D. H. Wilson - 1967 - Scientia 61 (102):555.
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  45.  37
    The experiences of ethics committee members: contradictions between individuals and committees.L. Elliott & D. Hunter - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (6):489-494.
    The current system of ethical review for medical research in the United Kingdom is changing from the current system involving large committees of 7–18 members reviewing every individual application to a system involving pre-review by small sub-committees of National Research Ethics Officers , who have a remit to approve studies if they believe there are no material ethical issues imposed by the research. The reliability of this new system depends on the reliability of the NREAs and in particular the ability (...)
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  46.  47
    The objectivity of pleasure.Wilson D. Wallis - 1919 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 16 (12):324-327.
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  47. Leiniz's dynamics and contingency in nature.Margaret D. Wilson - 1981 - In Roger Stuart Woolhouse, Leibniz, metaphysics and philosophy of science. New York: Oxford University Press.
  48.  17
    Interface Theory vs Gibson: An Ontological Defense of the Ecological Approach.Andrew D. Wilson - 2021 - Philosophical Psychology 34 (7):989-1010.
    Interface theory is the hypothesis that inferential, representational theories of perception entail that fitness, not truth, dictates the evolution of perceptual systems. They show, with simulations, that “veridical” perceptual mappings (ones that preserve at least some of the structure of the world) are routinely out-competed by “non-veridical” interfaces (ones that make no attempt to preserve that structure). They therefore take particular aim at the direct perception, ecological approach to perception and work to show that such a system, even if technically (...)
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  49. Hertz, Boltzmann and Wittgenstein Reconsidered.Andrew D. Wilson - 1989 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 20 (2):245.
  50. Letters.D. A. Wilson - 1975 - Radical Philosophy 10:31.
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