General remarks about Cornelio Fabro's works on philosophical anthropology.

General remarks on some ontological premises of Aquinas' Epistemology.

Philosophical reflections about the complex relationship between Jacobi and Fichte on realism and idealism.

An interpretation of Jacobi's philosophical realism.

An analysis of personal self-determination with a special reference to Aquinas.

La cultura contemporanea è di solito denominata post-moderna. Essa si colloca nei confronti della modernità in un modo dialettico, assumendo l'ispirazione moderna ma criticandone alcune delle sue pretese. Il risultato è un contesto con luci e ombre in cui emergono importanti sfide, tra cui: il ricupero di una ragione non unilaterale e il superamento dei riduzionismi sociali e antropologici provocati dalla secolarizzazione. Se l'emarginazione della religione e l'indifferentismo religioso – fenomeni propri del processo di secolarizzazione – provocano un vuoto nell'uomo, (...) una sensibilità religiosa di carattere funzionale e individualista si rivela insufficiente in termini antropologici e religiosi. Di fronte a queste sfide, la fede cristiana si pone come istanza che permette l'apertura alla verità ( credo ut intelligam ) e offre la salvezza all'uomo nel ricondurlo all'amore di Dio. (shrink)

Summary and reflections about a recent philosophical congress on Consciousness.

Colombia was one of the first countries to decriminalise euthanasia. However, what is known in the international academic literature about the country's regulations is scarce and outdated. Such lack of information on the situation in Latin America is even more evident in the case of Peru, where the Lima Superior Court of Justice set a precedent by allowing a person to have access to euthanasia in 2021. Ecuador, which has just decriminalised euthanasia for all its citizens in February 2024, risks (...) being similarly absent from the international dialogue. This article summarises for the first time all the regulations in force regarding euthanasia in Latin America, through a study of primary sources in Spanish, and analyses some of the convergences between these three neighbouring countries. (shrink)

Mechanistic frameworks of investigation and explanation dominate the cognitive, neural, and psychological sciences. In this dissertation, I argue that mechanistic frameworks cannot, in principle, explain some kinds of cognition. In its place, I argue that complexity science has methods and theories more appropriate for investigating and explaining some cognitive phenomena. -/- I begin with an examination of the term 'cognition.' I defend the idea that "cognition" has been a moving target of investigation in the relevant sciences. As such it is (...) not historically true that there has been a thoroughly entrenched and agreed upon conception of "cognition." Next, I take up mechanistic frameworks. Although 'mechanism' is an umbrella term for a set of loosely related characteristics, there are common features: linearity, localization, and component dominance. I then describe complexity science, with emphasis on its utilization of dynamical systems modeling. Next, I discuss two phenomena that typically fall under the purview of complexity science: nonlinearity and interaction dominance. -/- A complexity science framework guided by the theory of self-organized criticality and utilizing the methods of dynamical systems modeling can surmount a number of challenges that face mechanistic frameworks when investigating some kinds of cognition. The first challenge is epistemic and concerns the inadequacy of mechanistic frameworks to facilitate the comprehensibility of massive amounts of data across various scales and areas of inquiry. I argue that complexity science is more appropriate for making big data comprehensible when investigating cognition, particularly across disciplines. I demonstrate this via an approach called nested dynamical modeling (NDM). NDM can facilitate comprehensibility of large amounts of data obtained from various scales of investigation by eliminating irrelevant degrees of freedom of that system as relates to the target of investigation. -/- The second shortcoming concerns ontological blind spots within mechanistic frameworks. Cognitive phenomena like extended cognition often fail to meet most, if not all, of the criteria assumed by many mechanistic approaches, especially component dominance. I argue that research guided by the notion of interaction dominance allows for extended cognition to be a real, empirically supported phenomenon within complex systems frameworks. In this chapter I discuss some of my experimental work on extended cognitive systems. -/- The search for mechanisms can be a reasonable starting position when attempting to explain natural phenomena in the life sciences. However, too strict of an adherence to theoretical and methodological commitments such as linearity, localization, and component dominance can result in intractable epistemic challenges and ontological blind spots. Complexity science has theories and methods to overcome such challenges in the investigation of cognition. (shrink)

More often than not, theories of belief and of belief ascription restrict themselves to conscious beliefs, thus obliterating a vast part of our mental life and offering extremely incomplete, unrealistic theories. Indeed, conscious beliefs are the exception, not the rule, as far as human doxastic states are concerned, and a naturalistic, realistic theory of knowledge that aspires to completeness has to take unconscious beliefs into consideration. This paper is the elaboration of such a theory of belief.

Ao percorrermos as páginas das histórias da educação e da pedagogia não podemos ficar surpreendidos ao verificar que não existe nelas lugar para Spinoza. O que neste breve ensaio se vai tentar descobrir é que a questão pedagógica em geral e a do ensino da filosofia não são tratadas com desprezo pelo pensador de Amsterdão, nem em relação a elas existem sinais de indiferença. Pretende-se mostrar de que modo algumas atitudes do filósofo juntamente com tópicos do seu pensamento servem para (...) explicar a ausência de efetiva preocupação com a temática pedagógica. No entanto, o sistema espinosano encerra princípios pedagógicos de primordial relevância para o processo educativo. (shrink)

The present article review some implications of the second order research in Social Sciences. Through the concepts of ambivalence, otherness and paradox, challenges that the new paradigm demands to the social researcher are discussed.

O conceito de tempo é uma das formas primordiais para entender como a atividade filosófica acontece em diferentes culturas. Assim, este artigo analisa como a temporalidade é interpretada pela Fenomenologia e pela Filosofia Nagô por meio de uma dialogia através dos esquemas intencionais da consciência fenomenológica e do jogo de posições circuladas por Èṣú. A partir dessa circulação em Èṣù serão apresentadas as implicações filosóficas sobre a temporalidade que caracterizam a Filosofia Nagô. Palavras-chave: Èṣú; Filosofia Nagô; Fenomenologia; Temporalidade.