The importance of communities in strengthening the ethics of international collaborative research is increasingly highlighted, but there has been much debate about the meaning of the term ‘community’ and its specific normative contribution. We argue that ‘community’ is a contingent concept that plays an important normative role in research through the existence of morally significant interplay between notions of community and individuality. We draw on experience of community engagement in rural Kenya to illustrate two aspects of this interplay: (i) that (...) taking individual informed consent seriously involves understanding and addressing the influence of communities in which individuals’ lives are embedded; (ii) that individual participation can generate risks and benefits for communities as part of the wider implications of research. We further argue that the contingent nature of a community means that defining boundaries is generally a normative process itself, with ethical implications. Community engagement supports the enactment of normative roles; building mutual understanding and trust between researchers and community members have been important goals in Kilifi, requiring a broad range of approaches. Ethical dilemmas are continuously generated as part of these engagement activities, including the risks of perverse outcomes related to existing social relations in communities and conditions of ‘half knowing’ intrinsic to processes of developing new understandings. (shrink)

This paper seeks to argue that advances in the study of freewill and responsibility are directly relevant to jurisprudence. Following Daniel Dennett attempts to discredit the existence of freewill with the help of experiments can be checked by arguing that freedom should be understood as something that has evolved over time rather than being a pre-existent feature of our species. The major function served by freedom is to ensure responsibility for actions. This understanding of freedom as something that evolved to (...) enhance responsibility suggests that freedom can be developed further. This can be understood as enhancing the ability to follow social norms by overcoming factors that limit responsibility. Jurisprudence has to take into account the ability to follow norms as a variable, even within the category of adults, and treat violations accordingly. Further, efforts to enhance the capacity to be free from habitual reactions need to be made part of education, and the state has to focus on this aspect without which the task of ensuring adherence to law of citizens will remain incomplete. (shrink)

Efforts for better services are achieved by small steps such as analyzing data of the customer. What is significant for the customer should as well significant for the banking institution. Transparency and a better understand- ding of the pattern behavior of customers can be used for the good of both partners such as good relationships in the fu- ture eventually be beneficial for the customer as well as a banking institution. The responsibility of both sides is crucial to understand the (...) accountability of customers and banking institutions. The method of identification of user messages of the banking application proposed in the article involves the use of user data for information processing, taking into account the peculiarities of the use of mobile devices and the user's dialogue with bank messages. Also, the proposed method allows you to rank messages to identify the most important messages and get the desired result by providing ef- fective recommendations in favor of each of the participants in customer interaction with the bank. The introduction of modern educational programs "Information Control Systems and Technologies", "Artificial Intelligence Systems" and "Systems Analysis" in the field of information technology, allows users and managers to interact with the bank's custo- mers sufficient information to make informed recommendations for effective management decisions. The article consi- ders the conceptual model of interaction of users and managers on interaction with users of the bank, use of technolo- gies and algorithms of artificial intelligence, machine learning processes to formalize the process of dialogue, systema- tization and ranking of messages and notifications between customers and managers. The Conceptual model of inter- action of the user of banking services with messages is presented. The article also describes the features of the dialogue between the user of banking services and the manager for the implementation of algorithms for interaction with custo- mers. The example of the city block of bank users considers and takes into account the difference in the amount of in- formation received by the bank, which must be sent during different periods of the week and take into account the amount of information to be sent, which will be significantly less and, consequently, the number of necessary services. will also be smaller. In this example, taking into account the amount of information that can be consumed during differ- rent periods of the week, the number of services that can be provided to the user will also be much smaller. The reflec- tion of such interactions in the model is an important aspect, as noted in the article. (shrink)

The structural-parametric synthesis of neural networks of deep learning, in particular convolutional neural networks used in image processing, is considered. The classification of modern architectures of convolutional neural networks is given. It is shown that almost every convolutional neural network, depending on its topology, has unique blocks that determine its essential features, Residual block, Inception module, ResNeXt block. It is stated the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of convolutional neural networks, for the solution of which it is proposed to use a (...) genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is used to effectively overcome a large search space: on the one hand, to generate possible topologies of the convolutional neural network, namely the choice of specific blocks and their locations in the structure of the convolutional neural network, and on the other hand to solve the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of convolutional neural network of selected topology. The most significant parameters of the convolutional neural network are determined. An encoding method is proposed that allows to repre- sent each network structure in the form of a string of fixed length in binary format. After that, several standard genetic operations were identified, i.e. selection, mutation and crossover, which eliminate weak individuals of the previous generation and use them to generate competitive ones. An example of solving this problem is given, a database of patients with thyroid disease was used as a training sample. (shrink)

t. 1. Igry rynka -- t. 2. Torgovet︠s︡ v Khrame.

В сборнике представлены очерки, герои которых - художники, философы, священнослужители, ученые, император Индии, французская крестьянка, Учитель Гималайского Братства и другие - сыграли немаловажную роль в земном творчестве Космической эволюции. Для широкого круга читателей.

Substantive scientific letter writing is a cost-effective mode of complementing observational and experimental research. The value of such philosophically uncommitted and unsponsored well-balanced scientific activity has been relegated. Critical letter writing entails the abilities to: maintain rational scepticism; refuse to conform in order to explain data; persist in keeping common sense centre-stage; exercise logic to evaluate the biological significance of mathematical figures, including statistics, and the ability to sustain the will to share insights regarding disease mechanisms on an ostensibly lower (...) research platform. During peer review, innovative letter writing may share the occasionally unfortunate fate of innovative research. Rejected scientific letters do not automatically lose copyright. Periodicals with high letter loads will see some valuable contributions wasted, but that is the price for maintaining autonomy in scientific publication. The scientific community is an integrated whole that must respect the rights of authors at all levels. Unauthorised forwarding of rejected letters sets the dangerous precedent of justifying unjust means. (shrink)

In the bioethical literature, discrimination in insurance on the basis of genetic risk factors detected by genetic testing has been defended and opposed on various ethical grounds. One important argument in favour of the practice is offered by those who believe that it is not possible to distinguish between genetic and non-genetic information, at least not for practical policy purposes such as insurance decision-making. According to the argument from indistinguishability, the use of genetic test information for insurance purposes should be (...) permitted, because genetic test information is no different from non-genetic medical information in any relevant respect, therefore it would be inconsistent to prohibit the former whilst permitting the latter. This paper discusses and defends this argument and suggests a new, more tenable foundation. (shrink)

The Orthodox clergy of Volhynia played one of the major roles in the religious, cultural and political life of the region as part of the Second Commonwealth. Sacred authority, high educational attainment, and material support made him an influential social group. Depending on the corporate consciousness of the stratum, it would depend on whose ally it would act and whether it would promote a social progress, spiritual and national self-identification of the voivodship population. It should be borne in mind that (...) in the interwar period, the Volyn Orthodox clergy came in with appropriate ideological baggage and evolved over the course of twenty years. (shrink)

The Concept of Humanitarian Development of Ukraine till 2020: Religious Proposals to Plan-Prospectus.

Nonlocal reaction–diffusion equations describe various biological and biomedical applications. Their mathematical properties are essentially different in comparison with the local equations, and this difference can lead to important biological implications. This review will present the state of the art in the investigation of nonlocal reaction–diffusion models in biomedical applications. We will consider various models arising in mathematical immunology, neuroscience, cancer modelling, and we will discuss their mathematical properties, nonlinear dynamics, resulting spatiotemporal patterns and biological significance.

Стаття присвячена проблемі тлумачення концепції Дж.Г. Міда щодо відношення її до біхевіористичної методології. Мід використовує біхевіористичну термінологію для тематизації людської поведінки. Аргументи Міда в аспектах дії, мови, феноменів свідомості критично спрямовані проти засад класичного біхевіоризму Дж. Ватсона. Задум Міда – розкрити значення людських дій, які стають зрозумілими в межах символічно опосередкованих інтеракцій, а не через зовнішнє спостереження. Намічається перспектива розгляду Мідової концепції в контексті інтерпретативного підходу, який відштовхується від методу розуміння в дослідженні соціальної реальності.

Algorithmic software for mathematical modeling of structural stability is considered, which is reduced to solving a partial generalized eigenvalues problem of sparse matrices, with automatic parallelization of calculations on modern parallel computers with graphics processors. Peculiarities of realization of parallel algorithms for different structures of sparse matrices are presented. The times of solving the problem of stability of composite materialsusing a three-dimensional model of "finite size fibers" on computers of different architectures are given. In mathematical modeling of physical and technical (...) processes in many cases there is a need to solve problems of algebraic problem of eigenvalues with sparse matrices of large volumes. In particular, such problems arise in the analysis of the strength of structures in civil and industrial construction, aircraft construction, electric welding, etc. The solving to these problems is to determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of sparse matrices of different structure. The efficiency of solving these problems largely depends on the effectiveness of mathematical modeling of the problem as a whole. Continuous growth of task parameters, calculation of more complete models of objects and processes on computers require an increase in computer productivity. High-performance computing requirements are far ahead of traditional parallel computing, even with multicore processors. High-performance computing requirements are far ahead of traditional parallel computing, even with multicore processors. Today, this problem is solved by using powerful supercomputers of hybrid architecture, such as computers with multicore processors and graphics processors, which combine MIMD and SIMD architectures. But the potential of high-performance computers can be used to the fullest only with algorithmic software that takes into account both the properties of the task and the features of the hybrid architecture. Complicating the architecture of modern high-performance supercomputers of hybrid architecture, which are actively used for mathematical modeling means a significant complication of efficient use of these resources in creating parallel algorithms and programs. here are problems with the creation of algorithmic software with automatic execution of stages of work, which are associated with the efficient use of computing resources, ways to store and process sparse matrices, analysis of the reliability of computer results. This makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of mathematical modeling of practical problems on modern high-performance computers, as well as free users from the problems of parallelization of complex problems. he developed algorithmic software automatically implements all stages of parallel computing and processing of sparse matrices on a hybrid computer. It was used at the Institute of Mechanics named after S.P. Tymoshenko NAS of Ukraine in modeling the strength problems of composite material. A significant improvement in the time characteristics of mathematical modeling was obtained. Problems of mathematical modeling of the properties of composite materials has an important role in designing the processes of deformation and destruction of products in various subject areas. Algorithmic software for mathematical modeling of structural stability is considered, which is reduced to solving a partial generalized problem of eigen values of sparse matrices of different structure of large orders, with automatic parallelization of calculations on modern parallel computers with graphics processors. The main methodological principles and features of implementation of parallel algorithms for different structures of sparse matrices are presented, which ensure effective implementation of multilevel parallelism of a hybrid system and reduce data exchange time during the computational process. As an example of these approaches, a hybrid algorithm of the iteration method in subspace for tape and block-diagonal matrices with a frame for computers of hybrid architecture is given. Peculiarities of data decomposition for matrices of profile structure at realization of parallel algorithms are considered. The proposed approach provides automatic determination of the required topology of the hybrid computer and the optimal amount of resources for the organization of an efficient computational process. The results of testing the developed algorithmic software for problems from the collection of the University of Florida, as well as the times of solving the problem of stability of composite materials using a three-dimensional model of "finite size fibers" on computers of different architectures. The results show a significant improvement in the time characteristics of solving problems. (shrink)