Results for ' Statistics'

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  1.  5
    I will abbreviate the causal law, C causes E by C—> E. Notice that C and E are to be filled in by general terms, and not names of particulars; for example, Force causes motion or Aspinn relieves hendache. The generic law C causes E is not to be understood as a universally quantified law about particulars, even about.Ii Statistical Analyses Of Causation - 1999 - In Michael Tooley, Laws of nature, causation, and supervenience. New York: Garland. pp. 246.
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  2. Improving Bayesian statistics understanding in the age of Big Data with the bayesvl R package.Quan-Hoang Vuong, Viet-Phuong La, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Manh-Toan Ho, Manh-Tung Ho & Peter Mantello - 2020 - Software Impacts 4 (1):100016.
    The exponential growth of social data both in volume and complexity has increasingly exposed many of the shortcomings of the conventional frequentist approach to statistics. The scientific community has called for careful usage of the approach and its inference. Meanwhile, the alternative method, Bayesian statistics, still faces considerable barriers toward a more widespread application. The bayesvl R package is an open program, designed for implementing Bayesian modeling and analysis using the Stan language’s no-U-turn (NUTS) sampler. The package combines (...)
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  3. The Foundations of Statistics.Leonard Savage - 1954 - Wiley Publications in Statistics.
    Classic analysis of the subject and the development of personal probability; one of the greatest controversies in modern statistcal thought.
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  4.  28
    Internalist reliabilism in statistics and machine learning: thoughts on Jun Otsuka’s Thinking about Statistics.Hanti Lin - 2024 - Asian Journal of Philosophy 3 (2):1-11.
    Otsuka (2023) argues for a correspondence between data science and traditional epistemology: Bayesian statistics is internalist; classical (frequentist) statistics is externalist, owing to its reliabilist nature; model selection is pragmatist; and machine learning is a version of virtue epistemology. Where he sees diversity, I see an opportunity for unity. In this article, I argue that classical statistics, model selection, and machine learning share a foundation that is reliabilist in an unconventional sense that aligns with internalism. Hence a (...)
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  5. (1 other version)The Foundations of Statistics.Leonard J. Savage - 1954 - Synthese 11 (1):86-89.
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  6. Unusual coincidences, statistics and an intelligent influence.Sergei Chekanov - manuscript
    This paper argues that unusual coincidences, particularly those involving historical events, can be viewed as design patterns, suggesting an intelligent influence over the course of events. A compelling case examined in detail using probability theory concerns the presidencies of Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) and John F. Kennedy (1917–1963). This and other coincidences involving historical figures disfavor the materialistic perspective and point to the presence of an intelligent agent acting on a global scale, beyond the arrow of time, influencing human lives and (...)
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  7.  35
    Simple Co‐Occurrence Statistics Reproducibly Predict Association Ratings.Markus J. Hofmann, Chris Biemann, Chris Westbury, Mariam Murusidze, Markus Conrad & Arthur M. Jacobs - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (7):2287-2312.
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  8.  6
    Perspectival realism and frequentist statistics: the case of Jerzy Neyman’s methodology and philosophy.Adam P. Kubiak - 2024 - Synthese 205 (1):1-29.
    In this article I investigate the extent to which perspectival realism (PR) agrees with frequentist statistical methodology and philosophy, with an emphasis on J. Neyman’s frequentist statistical methods and philosophy. PR is clarified in the context of frequentist statistics. Based on the example of the stopping rule problem, PR is shown to be able to naturally be associated with frequentist statistics in general. I show that there are explicit and implicit aspects of Neyman’s methods and philosophy that are (...)
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  9. Spencer-Brown vs. Probability and Statistics: Entropy’s Testimony on Subjective and Objective Randomness.Julio Michael Stern - 2011 - Information 2 (2):277-301.
    This article analyzes the role of entropy in Bayesian statistics, focusing on its use as a tool for detection, recognition and validation of eigen-solutions. “Objects as eigen-solutions” is a key metaphor of the cognitive constructivism epistemological framework developed by the philosopher Heinz von Foerster. Special attention is given to some objections to the concepts of probability, statistics and randomization posed by George Spencer-Brown, a figure of great influence in the field of radical constructivism.
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  10.  47
    The foundations of statistics.P. C. Mahalanobis - 1954 - Dialectica 8 (2):95-111.
  11.  58
    Perception of ensemble statistics requires attention.Molly Jackson-Nielsen, Michael A. Cohen & Michael A. Pitts - 2017 - Consciousness and Cognition 48:149-160.
  12.  21
    Temporal and spatial ensemble statistics are formed by distinct mechanisms.Haojiang Ying, Edwin J. Burns J., Amanda M. Choo & Hong Xu - 2020 - Cognition 195 (C):104128.
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  13.  24
    Who Counts in Official Statistics? Ethical‐Epistemic Issues in German Migration and the Collection of Racial or Ethnic Data.Daniel James, Morgan Thompson & Tereza Hendl - 2025 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 42 (1):155-174.
    In European countries (excluding the UK and Ireland), official statistics do not use racial or ethnic categories, but instead rely on proxies to collect data about discrimination. In the German microcensus, the proxy category adopted is ‘migration background’ (Migrationshintergrund): an individual has a ‘migration background’ when one or more of their parents does not have German citizenship by birth. We apply a coupled ethical-epistemic analysis to the ‘migration background’ category to illuminate how the epistemic issues contribute to ethical ones. (...)
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  14. Lies, damned lies, and statistics: An empirical investigation of the concept of lying.Adam J. Arico & Don Fallis - 2013 - Philosophical Psychology 26 (6):790 - 816.
    There are many philosophical questions surrounding the notion of lying. Is it ever morally acceptable to lie? Can we acquire knowledge from people who might be lying to us? More fundamental, however, is the question of what, exactly, constitutes the concept of lying. According to one traditional definition, lying requires intending to deceive (Augustine. (1952). Lying (M. Muldowney, Trans.). In R. Deferrari (Ed.), Treatises on various subjects (pp. 53?120). New York, NY: Catholic University of America). More recently, Thomas Carson (2006. (...)
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  15.  87
    Legal Evidence and Proof: Statistics, Stories, Logic.Hendrik Kaptein - 2008 - Ashgate. Edited by Henry Prakken & Bart Verheij.
    With special attention being paid to recent developments in Artificial Intelligence and the Law, specifically related to evidentiary reasoning, this book ...
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  16. Causal inference in statistics. An overview.Judea Pearl - 2009 - Statistics Surveys 3:96-146.
  17.  30
    Reply to comments on "statistics, pragmatics, induction".C. West Churchman - 1949 - Philosophy of Science 16 (2):151-153.
  18.  34
    The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods: Understanding Statistics.Brian D. Haig - 2018 - Oup Usa.
    The Philosophy of Quantitative Methods undertakes a philosophical examination of a number of important quantitative research methods within the behavioral sciences in order to overcome the non-critical approaches typically provided by textbooks. These research methods are exploratory data analysis, statistical significance testing, Bayesian confirmation theory and statistics, meta-analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. Further readings are provided to extend the reader's overall understanding of these methods.
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  19. La Estadística Neutrosófica es una extensión de la Estadística de Intervalos, mientras que la Estadística Plitogénica es la forma más general de estadística. (Cuarta versión). Neutrosophic Statistics is an extension of Interval Statistics, while Plitogenic Statistics is the most general form of statistics (Fourth version).Florentin Smarandache - 2022 - Neutrosophic Computing and Machine Learning 23 (1):21-38.
    In this paper we show that Neutrosophic Statistics is an extension of Interval Statistics, since it deals with all kinds of indeterminacy (with respect to data, inferential procedures, probability distributions, graphical representations, etc.), allows for indeterminacy reduction, and uses neutrosophic probability which is more general than imprecise and classical probabilities, and has more detailed corresponding probability density functions. Whereas Interval Statistics only deals with indeterminacy that can be represented by intervals. And we respond to the arguments of (...)
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  20.  16
    The criminal statistics England and Wales, 1938.W. Norwood East - 1940 - The Eugenics Review 32 (3):89.
  21. The Ontology of Biological and Clinical Statistics (OBCS) for standardized and reproducible statistical analysis.Jie Zheng, Marcelline R. Harris, Anna Maria Masci, Lin Yu, Alfred Hero, Barry Smith & Yongqun He - 2016 - Journal of Biomedical Semantics 7 (53).
    Statistics play a critical role in biological and clinical research. However, most reports of scientific results in the published literature make it difficult for the reader to reproduce the statistical analyses performed in achieving those results because they provide inadequate documentation of the statistical tests and algorithms applied. The Ontology of Biological and Clinical Statistics (OBCS) is put forward here as a step towards solving this problem. Terms in OBCS, including ‘data collection’, ‘data transformation in statistics’, ‘data (...)
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  22.  20
    Subcortical encoding of summary statistics in humans.Yuqing Zhao, Ting Zeng, Tongyu Wang, Fang Fang, Yi Pan & Jianrong Jia - 2023 - Cognition 234 (C):105384.
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  23. “Population” in Biology and Statistics.Nicola Bertoldi & Charles H. Pence - 2025 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 109 (1):1-11.
    The development of a biological notion of “population” over the first century of the theory of evolution has been commented upon by a number of historians and philosophers of biology. Somewhat less commonly discussed, however, is the parallel development of the statistical concept of a population over precisely the same period, in some cases driven by the same historical actors (such as Francis Galton and R. A. Fisher). We explore here these parallel developments, first from the perspective of a reconstruction (...)
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  24.  12
    Einstein’s quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas: non-statistical arguments for a new statistics.Tilman Sauer & Enric Pérez - 2010 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 64 (5):561-612.
    In this article, we analyze the third of three papers, in which Einstein presented his quantum theory of the ideal gas of 1924–1925. Although it failed to attract the attention of Einstein’s contemporaries and although also today very few commentators refer to it, we argue for its significance in the context of Einstein’s quantum researches. It contains an attempt to extend and exhaust the characterization of the monatomic ideal gas without appealing to combinatorics. Its ambiguities illustrate Einstein’s confusion with his (...)
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  25. On the explanation for quantum statistics.Simon Saunders - 2006 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37 (1):192-211.
    The concept of classical indistinguishability is analyzed and defended against a number of well-known criticisms, with particular attention to the Gibbs’paradox. Granted that it is as much at home in classical as in quantum statistical mechanics, the question arises as to why indistinguishability, in quantum mechanics but not in classical mechanics, forces a change in statistics. The answer, illustrated with simple examples, is that the equilibrium measure on classical phase space is continuous, whilst on Hilbert space it is discrete. (...)
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  26.  19
    Science with or without statistics: Discover-generalize-replicate? Discover-replicate-generalize?John P. A. Ioannidis - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    Overstated generalizability is common in research. It may coexist with inflation of the magnitude and statistical support for effects and dismissal of internal validity problems. Generalizability may be secured before attempting replication of proposed discoveries or replication may precede efforts to generalize. These opposite approaches may decrease or increase, respectively, the use of inferential statistics with advantages and disadvantages.
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  27. Rotational Invariance and the Spin-Statistics Theorem.Paul O'Hara - 2003 - Foundations of Physics 33 (9):1349-1368.
    In this article, the rotational invariance of entangled quantum states is investigated as a possible cause of the Pauli exclusion principle. First, it is shown that a certain class of rotationally invariant states can only occur in pairs. This is referred to as the coupling principle. This in turn suggests a natural classification of quantum systems into those containing coupled states and those that do not. Surprisingly, it would seem that Fermi–Dirac statistics follows as a consequence of this coupling (...)
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  28.  21
    Young, Gay, and Suicidal: Dynamic Nominalism and the Process of Defining a Social Problem with Statistics.Tom Waidzunas - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (2):199-225.
    Since 1989, widely circulating statistics on gay teen suicide in the United States have acted as catalysts for institutional reforms, scientific research, and the creation of an identity category “gay youth.” While one figure has been replicated scientifically, these numbers originated not from a scientific research study but as risk estimates developed by a social worker and published in a government document. Many people within the public took up these original numbers, attributing their author the status of scientific researcher. (...)
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  29. Frequentist probability and frequentist statistics.J. Neyman - 1977 - Synthese 36 (1):97 - 131.
  30.  37
    Churchman C. West. Statistics, pragmatics, induction. Philosophy of science, vol. 15 , pp. 249–268.Thomas Storer - 1949 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 14 (1):59-59.
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  31.  13
    Lies, damned lies and statistics.Oscar Sheynin - 2003 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 11 (3):191-193.
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  32.  16
    Scale classification and statistics.John Gaito - 1960 - Psychological Review 67 (4):277-278.
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  33. Releasing Market Statistics.Emmanuel Didier - 2005 - In Bruno Latour & Peter Weibel, Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy. Mit Press (Ma). pp. 638--42.
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  34.  9
    Don't Focus on Statistics.Fauvre Mary - 2017 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 7 (2):116-118.
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  35.  57
    New information-theoretic foundations for quantum statistics.William Band & James L. Park - 1976 - Foundations of Physics 6 (3):249-262.
    When the state of a physical system is not fully determined by available data, it should be possible nevertheless to make a systematic guess concerning the unknown state by applying the principles of information theory. The resulting theoretical blend of informational and mechanical constructs should then constitute a modern structure for statistical physics. Such a program has been attempted by a number of authors, most notably Jaynes, with seeming success. However, we demonstrated in a recent publication that the standard list (...)
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  36.  20
    Predicting “it will work for us”: (way) beyond statistics.Nancy Cartwright - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari, Federica Russo & Jon Williamson, Causality in the Sciences. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  37.  24
    Impact of Loop Statistics on the Thermodynamics of RNA Folding.Thomas R. Einert, Paul M. Näger, Henri Orland & Roland R. Netz - 2008 - Physical Review Letters 101 (4):048103.
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  38.  39
    How to be Real and Conventional: A Discussion of the Quality Criteria of Official Statistics.Alain Desrosières - 2009 - Minerva 47 (3):307-322.
    Are the categories used to study the social world and acting on it real or conventional ? An empirical answer to that question is given by an analysis of the debates about the quality of statistics produced by the European National Institues of statistics in the 1990s. Six criteria of quality were then specified: relevance, accuracy, timeliness, accessibility, comparability and coherence. How do statisticians and users of statistics deal with the tension produced by their objects being both (...)
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  39.  58
    Stochastic electrodynamics. III. Statistics of the perturbed harmonic oscillator-zero-point field system.G. H. Goedecke - 1983 - Foundations of Physics 13 (12):1195-1220.
    In this third paper in a series on stochastic electrodynamics (SED), the nonrelativistic dipole approximation harmonic oscillator-zero-point field system is subjected to an arbitrary classical electromagnetic radiation field. The ensemble-averaged phase-space distribution and the two independent ensemble-averaged Liouville or Fokker-Planck equations that it satisfies are derived in closed form without furtner approximation. One of these Liouville equations is shown to be exactly equivalent to the usual Schrödinger equation supplemented by small radiative corrections and an explicit radiation reaction (RR) vector potential (...)
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  40.  23
    The interface between statistics and the philosophy of science.I. J. Good - 1989 - In Jens Erik Fenstad, Ivan Timofeevich Frolov & Risto Hilpinen, Logic, methodology, and philosophy of science VIII: proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Moscow, 1987. New York, NY, U.S.A.: Sole distributors for the U.S.A. and Canada, Elsevier Science.
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  41. Laws, causality and statistics: Positivism, interpretivism and realism.Peter Halfpenny - 1987 - Sociological Theory 5 (1):33-36.
  42.  31
    Rules vs. lexical statistics in Greek nonword reading.Athanassios Protopapas & Elina Nomikou - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn, Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
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  43.  40
    Maxwell's color statistics: From reduction of visible errors to reduction to invisible molecules.Jordi Cat - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 48:60-75.
  44.  63
    “Let’s build an Anscombe box”: assessing Anscombe’s rebuttal of the statistics objection against indeterminism-based free agency.Thomas Müller - 2022 - Synthese 200 (2):1-22.
    Towards the end of her famous 1971 paper “Causality and Determination”, Elizabeth Anscombe discusses the controversial idea that “ ‘physical haphazard’ could be the only physical correlate of human freedom of action”. In order to illustrate how the high-level freedom of human action can go together with micro-indeterminism without creating a problem for micro-statistics, she provides the analogy of a glass box filled with minute coloured particles whose micro-dynamics is subject to statistical laws, while its outside reliably displays a (...)
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  45.  53
    Learning Object Names at Different Hierarchical Levels Using Cross‐Situational Statistics.Chen Chi-Hsin, Zhang Yayun & Yu Chen - 2018 - Cognitive Science:591-605.
    Objects in the world usually have names at different hierarchical levels (e.g., beagle, dog, animal). This research investigates adults' ability to use cross‐situational statistics to simultaneously learn object labels at individual and category levels. The results revealed that adults were able to use co‐occurrence information to learn hierarchical labels in contexts where the labels for individual objects and labels for categories were presented in completely separated blocks, in interleaved blocks, or mixed in the same trial. Temporal presentation schedules significantly (...)
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  46. 11 Social classifications, social statistics, and the “facts” of “difference” in economics.Brian P. Cooper - 2003 - In Drucilla K. Barker & Edith Kuiper, Toward a Feminist Philosophy of Economics. Routledge. pp. 161.
  47.  7
    Quality control procedures at statistics sweden.Lars Lyberg - 1985 - History and Philosophy of Logic 14 (11).
  48. The critical role of statistics in professional ethics.J. L. Hutton - 1995 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 12 (5):253-261.
     
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  49.  12
    Cpt Invariance and the Spin-Statistics Connection.Jonathan Bain - 2016 - Oxford University Press UK.
    This book seeks to answer the question "What explains CPT invariance and the spin-statistics connection?" These properties play foundational roles in relativistic quantum field theories, are supported by high-precision experiments, and figure into explanations of a wide range of phenomena, from antimatter, to the periodic table of the elements, to superconductors and superfluids. They can be derived in RQFTs by means of the famous CPT and Spin-Statistics theorems; but, the author argues, these theorems cannot be said to explain (...)
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  50.  16
    The dilemma of statistics: Rigorous mathematical methods cannot compensate messy interpretations and lousy data.Peter Schuster - 2014 - Complexity 20 (1):11-15.
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