Sie sind so verschieden, dass man sie nur unter der Kategorie ihrer ungewöhnlichen Grösse zusammenbringen kann: Hegel und Nietzsche.... Sie stimmen darin überein, dass Sokrates den Kern des griechischen Wesens verneint, ...

Sokrates hat als Figur in der kaiserzeitlichen Philosophie nicht zuletzt auch bei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Christentum eine Rolle gespielt. Dass dies auch für Aspekte der praktischen Ethik gilt, die mit seinem Namen verbunden werden, ist mit Blick auf die wachsende Jenseitsorientierung der kaiserzeitlichen, platonisch dominierten Philosophie bestritten worden. Michael Erler zeigt, dass die von Sokrates im Gorgias als 'wahre Politik' bezeichnete praktische Anwendung philosophischer Methoden gleichwohl auch im späteren Platonismus eine Rolle spielte und als Hilfestellung für das (...) Leben im Diesseits letztlich der Befreiung der Seele für das Jenseits diente."-- Back cover. (shrink)

Zajímavě psaná odborná studie podrobným rozborem dochovaných svědectví o řeckém filosofu dokládá, že Sokrates "tak, jak žil a žije v obecném podvědomí, je vlastně postavou neskutečnou, nehistorickou, legendárně zidealizovanou", a že hlavní zásluhu na sokratovských legendách má jeho žák Plato.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Sokrates und die alte Kirche" verfügbar.

In den platonischen Werken scheint die historische Figur des Sokrates besonders im Frühwerk omnipräsent. Die Dialogfigur Sokrates führt bei Platon die Auseinandersetzung mit den Sophisten. Einzelne Figuren der Sophistik, darunter Protagoras von Abdera, Gorgias von Leontinoi und Prodikos von Keos spielen dabei eine besonders prominente Rolle. Hinzu kommen als Vertreter der Sophistik u. a. Kallikles, Thrasymachos, Hippias, Kritias, Antiphon. Vor allem die frühe platonische Ethik steht ganz im Zeichen der Auseinandersetzung mit dem sophistischen Angriff auf die konventionelle Moralvorstellung (...) sowie mit dem Anspruch der Sophisten, Tugenden lehren zu können. (shrink)

Phaidon diyaloğunda Sokrates, dostlarıyla birlikte ruhun ölümsüzlüğü üzerine konuştuktan sonra, Kebes’in itirazı üzerine ona doğru dönerek hakikati arayış yolculuğunda kendi hayat hikayesi ve tecrübesini paylaşır. Kebes’e göre ruhun bu dünyadan önce var olması, sonrasında da varlığını sürdüreceği anlamına gelmez. Ayrıca ona göre bedenden bedene dolaşan ruh, bu dolaşımla yok olup gider ve bu nedenle ölümsüzlük diye bir şeyden bahsedilemez. Bu bağlamda Sokrates, ruhun ölümsüzlüğüne ilişkin Kebes’in itirazını ele almanın zorluğuna işaret eder ve bu meselede oluş ve bozuluşun nedeninin (...) araştırılması gerektiğini ifade eder. Bu noktada Sokrates gençlik yıllarında kendisinin de “neden” arayışı içerisinde olduğundan ve Anaksagoras başta olmak üzere doğa araştırmacılarından etkilendiğinden bahseder. Öte yandan Sokrates doğal neden arayışındaki umutlarının da boşa çıktığını belirtir. Bu umut yitiminden sonra Sokrates ‘logoi’a sığınma’ olarak belirttiği “ikinci yolculuğa” (deuteros plous) çıkar. Oluş dünyasına tabi her şeyin kendisine göre gerçekleştiği ilkesel nedeni doğanın içinde arayan düşünürlerin çelişkilerini fark eden genç Sokrates’in, fiziki dünyadan metafiziğe doğru seyreden yolculuğu bu yazının konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bu yazının amacı, ruhun ölümsüzlüğü gibi bir meselede, Sokrates’in kendi hayat hikayesini paylaşmasının gerekçesini araştırmak ve buradan hareketle Kebes’in itirazına yönelik Sokratik arayışın izlerini sürmektir. (shrink)

Philosophischer Essay über Sokrates (ca. 470-399 v. Chr.) und seine Zeit.

The modern term >fascination fascination force divided self< allow to indicate them as prototypical descriptions of fascination. References to Plato by Marsilio Ficin and Friedrich Nietzsche expose the importance of Socrates in the conceptual history of fascination.

The presented work attempts to show a link between business and global responsibility with the Socratic idea of self-knowledge. The today’s ethics discusses the fundamental issues of the man’s place in the world. The human existence is one of the causes of the contemporary crisis. This crisis between man and the world obliges us to raise a radical question of the ethical origins of individual and global responsibility for the quality of life, including also the future human generations. This question (...) requires going back to the historical and ethical considerations about the Socratic project of good life. The starting point for the Socratic ethics is an interpersonal and inner-personal dialogue; the subsequent result of that is man’s practical wisdom of how to build his own life together with others. Socrates argues that the key issue of responsibility is awakening of self-awareness and the way to achieve this objective is dialogue. (shrink)

Socrates’ philosophy as expressed in its most general form manifests itself within the framework of questions of the type “What is F-ness?” The method is determinant in the way an asked question is handled and the character of the philosophy that is identified with it. This method is known as elenchus or the Socratic method. This study aims to generally explain what elenchus is and how it can be used. Plato and his dialogues are at the forefront of the sources (...) to look at for understanding the Socratic method. In particular, understanding the Socratic method will be studied through Plato’s early dialogues. In this context, while Plato’s dialogues and Socrates’ approach constitute one of the main pillars of this effort to understand, considering the sophists as another pillar is also thought to be necessary. Understanding the sophists that Socrates and Plato positioned themselves against, their philosophizing practices, and the methods that guide these practices is thought will make understanding the Socratic method easier. In this respect, the Socratic method will be evaluated in terms of its relationship with eristic, which is attributed to the sophists as their method. One of the main determinations of elenchus and eristic is that they result in aporia (expression of logical impasse). From this point of view, the study will explain the positions of these two methods and their attitudes toward aporia. (shrink)