Abstract

In the second half of the nineteenth century research work in the field of medical chemistry, physiology, experimental pathology and internal medicine led to a differentiation of the two new specialities, clinical chemistry and laboratory research within the Vienna Medical School. Some important contributions to this trend are documented by the scientific accomplishments of J. F. Heller, E. C. Schneider, E. Ludwig, E. Freund, S. Strieker, R. von Jaksch, W. Türk, M. Gruber, C. von Pirquet, and K. Landsteiner.