醜⋅奇⋅拙: 懷素 『自敍帖』의 字體形象에 나타난 狂逸精神

Journal of Eastern Philosophy 60 (60):369-392 (2009)
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Abstract

本文将对怀素≪自叙帖≫的字体形象构造中具有哪些美学要素进行分析, 同时探讨其中所体现的怀素的狂逸精神。 我们从他的≪自叙帖≫中的字体形象可知, 他想表现的是与美、正、巧相反的丑、奇、拙的形象美。 这里的美是指儒家为了成为君子而刻意装饰的, 丑是指抛开儒家方式的超越的道家的无为, 即大美。 这一大美在≪自叙帖≫中表现为微贱而丑陋、消瘦而粗糙、险峻而生硬的。 还有奇与正可以说是相生的关系, 从正是平正、奇是险绝来看, 自古以来一直将险绝看得比平正还重。 这样表露出来的奇对于创造新风格的作品、发展出新书体起到极大的影响。 另外, 巧是人工装饰的, 拙是自然的朴素美, 这样的拙可分为四种: “宁拙毋巧”、“拙中见巧”、“由巧入拙”、“巧拙合一”。 即求拙而弃巧, 拙中露巧, 经由巧而入拙, 巧拙合为一体。 这样一来, 在≪自叙帖≫的丑、奇、拙的形象美中充满了逸格的气息, 这一逸可以说是超越凡俗的人格才能体现的没有束缚、忠于本性的豪放的艺术品格。 我们通过≪自叙帖≫中所体现的怀素自由放逸的面貌、超逸的境地和清逸的艺术思维, 可以窥视他狂逸的艺术精神。

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