Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d. The article is concerned with analyzing the formation of India's postcolonial identity after independence on August 15, 1947. The main narratives of socio-philosophical discourse, the influence of personalities on the construction of statehood, and political aspects that determined the country's further development are explored. M e t h o d s. The research methodology include historical, sociological and political science approaches in the context of postcolonial studies, supplemented by the methodology of elite theory and critical historiography. R e s u l t s. The article shows how the colonial rule of the British Empire led to a deep identity crisis for Indians. Colonialism not only physically occupied the country, but also destroyed the consciousness of its population, introducing an inferiority complex and suppressing authentic cultural values. Indian history was reformatted by the colonial administration, which impeded the formation of a national identity. In response to these challenges, post-colonial leaders focused their efforts on restoring a sense of dignity to Indians by turning to the sources of national culture. The article focuses on the role of Jawaharlal Nehru and Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar in shaping a new post-colonial identity through political reforms. Nehru introduced the principles of secularism, democratic socialism and cultural variety. His ideas of unity through recognition of differences were the basis of his policy. Ambedkar was the head of the committee that drafted the Constitution. He ensured that equality and social justice were enshrined. His advocacy for the rights of the untouchables was a defining moment in the achievement of social progress. His contributions to constitutional reforms, such as the prohibition of discrimination and the protection of minority interests, created the conditions for the equal development of a multinational state. C o n c l u s i o n s. The article reveals the importance of cultural, political and economic aspects in the formation of modern India. The postcolonial identity based on the principles of "unity in diversity" became possible due to the efforts of national leaders. The article analyzes the policy of modernization of the newly created state of India. The author examines which political reforms in postcolonial India were the basis for the formation of a new Indian identity. In particular, the abolition of discrimination on religious, social or other grounds and the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the consolidation of the principle of secularism and the separation of state from religious authority.