Abstract

Contract cheating remains an academic integrity concern in higher education institutions, and scholarly studies in this area have continued to increase. While highly informative systematic literature reviews on contract cheating exist, they have mainly focused on the concept of contract cheating, causal factors, and prevention strategies through detection and punitive measures. To broaden the understanding and study of contract cheating, exploring the research philosophy and theoretical approach underpinning the methodological aspects is essential. This paper aims to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate methodologies used in the study of contract cheating and provide methodological developments for future research avenues. The findings identify a lack of theoretical foundation, methodological rigour, limited research approaches, data sources, sample diversity, and ethical considerations. Accordingly, the review brings out several methodological implications for data sources, research approaches, type of analysis, and the nature of sample diversity, with special emphasis on the ethical considerations to be aware of when conducting research with sensitive participant groups related to a sensitive research area.