Ideal objects as models in science

International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 11 (2):185-190 (1997)
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Abstract

Abstract Three main concepts of model in science are distinguished: (1) semantical model of a theory; (2) real model of another real thing; (3) mathematical model of a real thing. The last concept is the most important for the empirical sciences. The mathematical model is not identical with a theory: it is an ideal object which is directly described by the theory. We have here an intermediate level between reality and theory

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10.1080/02698599708573562

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How the laws of physics lie.Nancy Cartwright - 1983 - New York: Oxford University Press.
Concepts of science.Peter Achinstein - 1968 - Baltimore,: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Models in physics.Michael Redhead - 1980 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 31 (2):145-163.

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