Abstract

In the article explored the period of the Sunni concept of state and government that allows us to understand the processes that shaped the modern concept of Islamic political structure of society. The genesis of the concept of a Sunni state and government includes period from the Early Islamic state till final design developed by medieval Muslim religious leaders and lawyers of the principles and norms. It is shown that this period of political organization Ummah begins from the first days of Islam, because Islamic state appears mainly to protect the newly established religious doctrine. Sunni concept of government particularly emphasizes the non-absolute power of the Caliph. He doesn`t enjoy any privilege or immunity and he is also equal before the law like a simple Muslim. He is only a temporary leader of the Ummah. The peculiarity of this author believes state legislative functions in the absence of power - it can be administrative, executive and judiciary and aims observance and fulfillment of the divine laws. Contradictions between the executive and legislative authorities can`t be, because they are actually executing divine laws. That`s why author believes that concept of Sunni state and government this is first of all theoretical construct of nation-building than historical reality.