Top-down versus bottom-up is not the same thing as psychological versus biological

Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (5):585-586 (2002)
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Abstract

While there may be interesting theoretical differences between cortical and subcortical malfunctions, it is not a difference that is going to separate the psychological from the biological. For, the distinctions we draw between the “psychological” and “biological” turn on our assessments of others' conscious experiences, and not on anything deeper or more profound.

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10.1017/s0140525x0229010x

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Valerie G. Hardcastle
University of Cincinnati

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