Ljudsko dobro u Nikomahovoj etici I: Human Good in the Nicomachean Ethics I

Filozofska Istrazivanja 27 (4):791-807 (2007)
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Abstract

Teorija o ljudskoj sreći u Nikomahovoj etici iznesena je u dvama odvojenim objašnjenjima, u I. i u X. knjizi. U X. knjizi Aristotel razlikuje dvije vrste sreće, dok iz rasprave u I. knjizi proizlazi da treba prihvatiti samo jednu odredbu sreće. Ipak, čini se kako u X. knjizi Aristotel poistovjećuje sreću s jednom aktivnošću, dok u I. knjizi pretpostavlja da ona uključuje više različitih aktivnosti. U članku se pokušava utvrditi kakvu koncepciju sreće nudi rasprava u I. knjizi, analizom argumenata kojima Aristotel dolazi do odredbe ljudskog dobra. Pokazuje se da argument iz ergona, koji dovodi do takve odredbe, nije zamišljen kao samostalan argument, nego ovisi o prethodnim argumentima kojima se utvrđuju formalni uvjeti za odredbu ljudskog dobra. Argument iz ergona može dovesti do odredbe ljudskog dobra utoliko što ljudsko dobro može svesti na jedan tip dobra, no njegov zaključak u sebi uključuje i uvjet potpunosti koji ovisi o prethodnom argumentu. Taj zaključak ne može specificirati vrstu aktivnosti u kojoj se sreća sastoji, no on formalno određuje uvjete za koje će se u konačnoj analizi pokazati da ih samo jedna aktivnost može zadovoljiti.In the Nicomachean Ethics, the theory of human happiness is set forth in two separate accounts, in Book I and in Book X. In Book X, Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of happiness, while the discussion in Book I strongly suggests that only one definition of happiness should be accepted. Yet, it appears that in Book X Aristotle identifies happiness with one activity, while in Book I it is assumed that it includes more than one activity. I try to show what is the conception of happiness offered in Book I, by analysing the arguments by which Aristotle advances to the definition of human good. I argue that the ergon argument, which leads to this definition, is not intended in the Nicomachean Ethics to stand as independent argument, for its conclusion is wider and dependent on the previous arguments by which the formal criteria for human good are established. The ergon argument can lead to the definition of human good in as much as it can reduce human good to one type of good, but its conclusion includes the completeness criterion introduced from previous argument. This conclusion cannot specify the kind of activity in which happiness consists, but formally it determines the conditions for which the final analysis will show that only one activity can satisfy them

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