Abstract

A ristotle, Regarded as the founder of psychology, understood substances as matter organized by a particular form. The soul, for Aristotle, is the form of the body. Yet, in his view, motion, nourishing, imagination and reasoning, are among the acts of the soul, which make it different from other forms. Studying psychology deeply in the light of the Kalam and Islamic philosophy, Ibn Sina raised a number of questions: Is reasoning corporeal or incorporeal? Is the soul enduring or mortal? And what is the relationship between the soul and body? Contrary to Aristotle, Ibn Sina held that the soul is not corporeal, mortal and impressed in body but it is incorporeal, enduring, and regulator of body. Innovating new methods and solutions for topics such as the existence of the soul, nature of minds, sensory perceptions, inner sense, intellectual faculties, interaction between the soul and body, relationship between active intellect and human intelligence, and many other questions, Ibn Sina also attempted to study the soul separately and free from the methodology of physics, and in fact, to establish study of the soul on foundations different from Aristotle view.