On temporal becoming, relativity, and quantum mechanics
Abstract
In the first section of the chapter, I scrutinize Howard Stein’s 1991 definition
of a transitive becoming relation that is Lorentz invariant. I argue first that
Stein’s analysis gives few clues regarding the required characteristics of the
relation complementary to his becoming—i.e. the relation of indefiniteness.
It turns out that this relation cannot satisfy the condition of transitivity, and
this fact can force us to reconsider the transitivity requirement as applied
to the relation of becoming. I argue that the relation of becoming need not
be transitive, as long as it satisfies the weaker condition of “cumulativity”:
for a given observer the area of the events that have become real should
not diminish as time progresses. I show that there are actually two relations
of becoming that meet this weakened condition: Stein’s (transitive) relation
of causal past connectibility and the (non-transitive) relation that is the
logical complement of the future causal connectibility. In the second part
of the chapter I defend Stein’s notion of temporal becoming against the
attack that appeals to quantum-mechanical non-locality. I critically evaluate
the argument given by Mauro Dorato (1996) that purports to show that
space-like separated measurements done on the EPR system have to be
mutually determinate. Finally, in order to account for the truth of counterfactual
statements that link the space-like separated outcomes, I propose a
dynamic conception of becoming, according to which the sphere of determinate
events as of a given point may depend on the physical phenomena
transpiring at this point.