Abstract

The forms of having morality in close and open societies are examined through the concept of morality in Bergson. Moreover, how static and dynamic moralities come into existence and what kind of enforcements they have in the social sphere are discussed. In this book, Bergson explained how close or open morality obtained and what kind of cultural effects it has in the social sphere. He set forth the forms of close and open moralities by the terms of below or above consciousness. In addition, Bergson divides religions into two such as static religion and dynamic religion. According to him static religion is the religion of the city-state, which has the feature of being close and belongs to the society. On the other hand, dynamic religion is an open religion and it belongs to the humanity. In that respect he makes a general review of the forms of relations between the forms of morality, societies and religions.